GIS Mapping of Basal Stem Rot Disease in Relation to Soil Series Among Oil Palm Smallholders

Abstract

Basal Stem Rot (BSR) is a disease caused by fungus which affect oil palm tree. This study aims to visualize the geographical distribution of BSR incidence among oil palm smallholders in Selangor using Geographical Information System (GIS) and its relationship to the type of soil series. The geographical distribution of BSR incidence of smallholders in Selangor were mapped using 168 Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinate of possible infected area. The methodology followed in finding the relationship between BSR and soil series by assigning percentage of BSR incidence based on type of soil series. Majority of the BSR incidences were found to be confined to the Selangor-Kangkong (Aeric Tropic Fluvaquent-Typic sulfuric tropic fluvaquent) soil series followed on Peat (Typic Fibric Tropohemist) soil then Kranji (Typic Sulfaquents) soil series and finally the Briah-Organic Clay and Muck (Typic Tropic Fluvaquent) soil series. Distribution pattern of the BSR revealed that most of the incidences were confined along the coastal area which might be due to the planting of oil palm in previous coconut stands. Low pH of Selangor (Aeric Tropic Fluvaquent) and Peat (Typic Fibric Tropohemist) soil series shows a higher BSR incidence while high pH of Kranji (Typic Sulfaquents) and Briah (Typic Tropic Fluvaquent) soil series shows slightly lower BSR incidence. From this study, it can be concluded that the distribution of BSR were mostly confined to the coastal areas which might be due to the planting of oil palm in previous coconut stands rather than any relationship with the type of soil series. This distribution map of BSR incidence can be used to deliver effective extension services regarding BSR to smallholders with a specified target based on location and soil series.

Association of Copper and Zinc Levels in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) to the Spatial Distribution of Ganoderma Species in the Plantations on Peat

“…; Parthiban et al. ). On the other hand, levels of nutrient elements in plants have been related to either susceptibility or resistance of plants against diseases (Marschner ).…”

“…Implementation of effective control strategies on stem rot diseases requires better understanding of its epidemiological aspects, such as distribution of the pathogens and plant's nutrients levels. Spatial distribution patterns of the Ganoderma species may provide useful information that would aid in the design of epidemiological studies and development of more accurate site-specific sampling programmes (Van de Lande and Zadoks 1999;Azahar et al 2011;Parthiban et al 2016). On the other hand, levels of nutrient elements in plants have been related to either susceptibility or resistance of plants against diseases (Marschner 1995).…”

Genetic Diversity and Demographic History of Ganoderma boninense in Oil Palm Plantations of Sarawak, Malaysia Inferred from ITS Regions

“…Reports on BSR disease in various soil types are alarming and geographical distribution mapping of disease incidence such as in Selangor, Malaysia did not show any relationship to different types of soil series [14]. Although peat soil was once assumed to be non-conducive for BSR disease development [15], various studies regarding BSR and USR incidence in oil palm planted on peat have been reported [8,9,14,16]. Out of the total 5.85 million hectares of oil palm planted area in Malaysia, only 13% are planted on peat where most can be found in Sarawak [17].…”

Application of GIS and MCDM on Natural Environment Effect toward the Durability of Water pipe: A Conceptual Study

“…Selangor state is one of the thirteen states of Malaysia and is located in West Malaysia at the estimated coordinate 3.0738° N, 101.5183° E. The total area is about 8000 square kilometers and according to Uddin (2021), the total population is 6,555,400 [6]. The mean annual temperature is around 26 degrees with average daily range between 21 to 32 degree and receives annual rainfall of 1200 mm [7]. Figure 2 shows the location of the study area.…”