“…The findings of the Railway Accident Investigation Branch, for both incidents, clearly demonstrated why it is essential for railway and urban stakeholders to have effective whole life multi-disciplinary evidence-based comprehension of the interfaces. Not only from physical civil engineering considerations, as current discussions suggest are required (Gov.UK, undated(a); Zhou et al, 2019;Yuan et al, 2020), but also from legal, asset management, historical, geographical, and urban management perspectives (International Tunnelling Association, 1991;Zimmerman, 2004;Chrimes, 2006;Atazadeh et al, 2016;Besner, 2016;Network Rail, 2021b).…”