GIS-based assessment of aridity over Punjab Province, Pakistan, by using climatic indices

Javid, Kanwal; Akram, Muhammad Ameer Nawaz; Ranjha, Maria Mumtaz; Pervaiz, Shazia

doi:10.1007/s12517-020-5236-9

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Figure 4 shows both the theoretical and experimental SWCC, which agree closely with the previously developed mathematical models (Javid et al, 2020).…”

Section: Measurement Of Suctionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Laboratory modeling of thermal and temporal cracking in swelling clays

et al. 2023

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Crack development in a changing environment is the controlling factor for the stability and strength of expansive soils. Expansive soils exhibit large volumetric changes with changes in their moisture conditions that may occasionally lead to reduced bearing capacity and foundation failures. This study purports to model crack initiation and its spatial progression in relation to the moisture content and drying period, respectively. Volumetric soil shrinkage is determined using high-definition digital camera imaging and Vernier scale methods, while the soil settlement under vertical shrinkage deformation could be captured through a tensile stress model for soils. It was revealed that a small change in suction could trigger crack initiation, which would propagate further under different environmental conditions. Furthermore, it was observed that the crack volume increased rapidly at specific moisture content and could penetrate as deep as 1 m after nearly 1.5 months that is fully consistent with the current model predictions. A comparison between the performance of the model proposed in this study and that of two existing models shows that the former predicts the vertical shrinkage strain values in closer agreement with those observed experimentally and is less conservative than those predicted by both models. Nevertheless, the findings from this study could be used to quantify the detrimental behavior of expansive soil present in pavement subgrades and shallow foundations for lightweight structures.

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“…Figure 4 shows both the theoretical and experimental SWCC, which agree closely with the previously developed mathematical models (Javid et al, 2020).…”

Section: Measurement Of Suctionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Laboratory modeling of thermal and temporal cracking in swelling clays

et al. 2023

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“…In order to determine the results, the geospatial technique (Javid et al, 2020) is adopted to analyze and compare the AQI (Chattopadhyay et al, 2010) using six key criteria pollutants. Moreover, the metrological factors were also evaluated by using the minimum, maximum and average criteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Assessment of Air During COVID-19 Lockdown: An Unintended Benefit to Environment

Pervaiz

Javid

Khan

et al. 2020

Environ. Nat. Resour. J.

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The death rate of people is increasing globally during the current outbreak of coronavirus. To combat with COVID-19 havoc, the world has adopted lockdown policies, including Pakistan. Ironically, the invisible virus is suffocating humans at a fast rate but on the other side, there is a visible monster in the world gobbling up human health, i.e., air pollution. Therefore, the main rationale of the present research is to visualize the air quality during the 'Lockdown' period in Lahore, Pakistan by mapping via online tools and techniques using a geospatial system. According to the present findings, the concentrations of air pollutants, such as particulate matters (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen oxides as NO and NO2, and sulphur dioxide, are below the maximum permissible levels of the Punjab Environmental Quality standards (PEQs), although ozone exceeds its PEQs. So in light of the results, once this COVID-19 crisis is over, the government should speed up measures to lessen air pollution to achieve targets of sustainable development goals (SDGs). Moreover, the present results of air assessment during COVID-19 would serve as a useful reminder for the government of Punjab to cut down air emission levels after the pandemic.

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“…In Pakistan, 10,347 brick kilns out of 18,000 kilns are established in Punjab (PBC, 2016) and approximately 3.1 million workers are associated with brick manufacturing units in the province. The study site (Javid et al, 2020) presented in Figure 2 comprises of thirty-six districts of Punjab where clusters of estimated brick kilns are contributing to the country's GDP. In Punjab, 38% of bricks supply is produced from the upper and central parts of the districts such as Lahore, Gujranwala, Sheikhupura, Gujrat, Sialkot, Sargodha, Jhelum, and Rawalpindi.…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brick Sector and Air Quality: An Integrated Assessment towards 2020 Challenge of Environment Development

Pervaiz

Akram

Khan

et al. 2021

Environ. Nat. Resour. J.

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Brick sector is a mainstay of the urban economy of Punjab. The traditional technology of brick making emits a lot of toxic gases and smoke particulates into air. Hence, the Government of the Punjab, Pakistan announced a ban on low technology brick kiln operations during winter season by the end of December 2020. Initially, the existing set up of brick kilns and air pollution levels were evaluated before and during lockdown period using spatial application. Further, environmental parameters such as aerosols, carbon monoxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide were determined to analyze the air quality, including metrological factors. Results of the study exhibited that the upper and central regions of Punjab are the major hubs of brick kilns. So, the level of air quality was inconsistent in the study period due to the existence of large mushrooms of brick kilns. Further, despite lockdown the highest concentration of carbon monoxide was recorded in the eastern side of the province, such as Kasur, Lahore, and Sheikhupura. The level of aerosols also fluctuated and shifted its trends in the central and southern part of the province. While SO2 and CO2 level declined and revealed a satisfactory level of air quality during shutdown. On the other hand, no significant relation to metrological factors, such as rain, is involved in the pollution reduction. Conclusively, the findings of the present study encourage the government agencies to realign the stringent control measures to improve the quality of air in the winter months using the experience of quarantine in 2020.

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GIS-based assessment of aridity over Punjab Province, Pakistan, by using climatic indices

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

Laboratory modeling of thermal and temporal cracking in swelling clays

Laboratory modeling of thermal and temporal cracking in swelling clays

Preliminary Assessment of Air During COVID-19 Lockdown: An Unintended Benefit to Environment

Brick Sector and Air Quality: An Integrated Assessment towards 2020 Challenge of Environment Development

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