Girls on a high-calcium diet gain weight at the same rate as girls on a normal diet: A pilot study

Rafferty, Karen; Davies, K. Michael; Lypaczewski, Gina

doi:10.1016/j.jada.2004.06.025

Cited by 58 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…There is evidence that increased intake of dairy foods and calcium may play a significant role in maintaining a healthful weight and moderating body fat (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). However, results across studies have been inconsistent (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28), and this may be attributable to major challenges in using self-reported dietary intake data. Self-reported intakes tend to be subject to underreporting bias and the underreporting of energy intake tends to be positively related to weight status.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Girls’ Dairy Intake, Energy Intake, and Weight Status

Fiorito¹,

Ventura²,

Mitchell³

et al. 2006

Journal of the American Dietetic Association

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We explored the relationships among girls' weight status, dairy servings, and total energy intake. The hypothesis that consuming dairy could reduce risk for overweight was evaluated by comparing energy intake and weight status of girls who met or consumed less than the recommended three servings of dairy per day. Participants included 172 11-year-old non-Hispanic white girls, assessed cross-sectionally. Intakes of dairy, calcium, and energy were measured using three 24-hour recalls. Body mass index and body fat measures from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were obtained. Because preliminary analyses suggested systematic underreporting of energy intake, the relationships among dairy servings and measures of weight status were examined for the total sample and for subsamples of under-, plausible, and overreporters. Data for the total sample provided support for the hypothesized relationship among weight status, dairy servings, and energy intake. Thirty-nine percent of girls reported consuming the recommended ≥3 servings of dairy per day; these girls also reported higher energy intake but had lower body mass index z scores and body fat than the girls who consumed fewer than three dairy servings each day. Among plausible reporters, no relationship between dairy intake and weight status was noted. This discrepancy may be attributable to a high percentage (45%) of overweight underreporters in the total sample. Our findings reveal that reporting bias, resulting from the presence of a substantial proportion of underreporters of higher weight status, can contribute to obtaining spurious associations between dairy intake and weight status. These findings underscore the need for randomly controlled trials to assess the role of dairy in weight management.The prevalence of pediatric obesity has been rising for more than 20 years (1). There is evidence that increased intake of dairy foods and calcium may play a significant role in maintaining a healthful weight and moderating body fat (2-15). However, results across studies have been inconsistent (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28), and this may be attributable to major challenges in using self-reported dietary intake data. Self-reported intakes tend to be subject to underreporting bias and the underreporting of energy intake tends to be positively related to weight status. Underreporters also tend to weigh more (29,30). Doubly labeled water techniques assessing energy expenditure suggest underreporting results in a 10% to 50% underestimation of actual energy intake and is a significant problem in older children (31). Doubly labeled water techniques are expensive and not feasible for large samples; thus, several methods have been developed that use estimated energy requirements to assess reporting bias (29,32). Therefore, in this study the method suggested by Huang and colleagues (29) was used to classify children as under-,

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Girls’ Dairy Intake, Energy Intake, and Weight Status

Fiorito¹,

Ventura²,

Mitchell³

et al. 2006

Journal of the American Dietetic Association

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“…During article screening, we excluded an additional 470 articles. Six studies reporting on home-based interventions (KQ2) were included in this review: 3 home-based combined (diet and PA) intervention studies, [16][17][18] 1 home-based diet intervention study, 19 1 combined home-based study with primary care and consumer health informatics components, 20 and 1 combined home-based study with school and community components (Fig 1). 21 The results of the gray literature search did not yield studies eligible for inclusion in this review.…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[16][17][18][19][20][21] The majority of included studies were conducted exclusively in the home setting (n = 4). [16][17][18][19] The sample size of included studies ranged from 26 to 1323 participants. Intervention length varied between 14 and 104 weeks, and participant followup ranged from 52 to 104 weeks.…”

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review of Home-Based Childhood Obesity Prevention Studies

et al. 2013

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Childhood obesity is a global epidemic. Despite emerging research about the role of the family and home on obesity risk behaviors, the evidence base for the effectiveness of home-based interventions on obesity prevention remains uncertain. The objective was to systematically review the effectiveness of home-based interventions on weight, intermediate (eg, diet and physical activity [PA]), and clinical outcomes. METHODS: We searched Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, CINAHL, clinicaltrials.gov, and the Cochrane Library from inception through August 11, 2012. We included experimental and natural experimental studies with ≥1-year follow-up reporting weight-related outcomes and targeting children at home. Two independent reviewers screened studies and extracted data. We graded the strength of the evidence supporting interventions targeting diet, PA, or both for obesity prevention. RESULTS: We identified 6 studies; 3 tested combined interventions (diet and PA), 1 used diet intervention, 1 combined intervention with primary care and consumer health informatics components, and 1 combined intervention with school and community components. Select combined interventions had beneficial effects on fruit/vegetable intake and sedentary behaviors. However, none of the 6 studies reported a significant effect on weight outcomes. Overall, the strength of evidence is low that combined home-based interventions effectively prevent obesity. The evidence is insufficient for conclusions about home-based diet interventions or interventions implemented at home in association with other settings. CONCLUSIONS: The strength of evidence is low to support the effectiveness of home-based child obesity prevention programs. Additional research is needed to test interventions in the home setting, particularly those incorporating parenting strategies and addressing environmental influences.

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“…45 Recently, Zemel et al 46 showed in young adults that three six-ounce servings of yogurt in the daily diet markedly augments fat loss secondary to modest energy restriction and results in a selective increase in the loss of central adiposity. On the other hand, Lappe et al 47 found that calcium-rich diets do not cause excessive weight gain in pubertal girls, but do contribute positively to overall nutrition.…”

Section: Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth: healthy status and active food model in pediatrics

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE: The brain integrates peripheral signals of nutrition in order to maintain a stable body weight. Nutritional status defined as the results of introduction, absorption, and utilization of the nutrients could be interpreted with the base of the relationship between nutritional status and healthy status. In this view, energy balance, body function, and body composition are three entities correlated to each other to the healthy status. AIM: To discuss the nutritional status in relation with healthy status, and its relationship with growth and nutrients. METHODS: A review of the available literature on food patterns and active food model was carried out. RESULTS: In the reviewed studies, strategies that could offer promising results to prevent overweight and obesity were discussed, in particular in the light of functional foods that effect energy metabolism and fat partitioning. CONCLUSION: At this moment it is necessary to proactively discuss and promote healthy eating behaviors among children at an early age and empower parents to promote children's ability to self-regulate energy intake while providing appropriate structure and boundaries around eating.

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Girls on a high-calcium diet gain weight at the same rate as girls on a normal diet: A pilot study

Cited by 58 publications

References 26 publications

Girls’ Dairy Intake, Energy Intake, and Weight Status

Girls’ Dairy Intake, Energy Intake, and Weight Status

A Systematic Review of Home-Based Childhood Obesity Prevention Studies

Growth: healthy status and active food model in pediatrics

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