GIPC: Glycosyl Inositol Phospho Ceramides, the major sphingolipids on earth

Gronnier, Julien; Germain, V.; Gouguet, Paul; Cacas, Jean‐Luc; Mongrand, Sébastien

doi:10.1080/15592324.2016.1152438

Cited by 75 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Sphingolipids and their glycosylated forms together with plant sterols are important constituents of the lipid rafts of the plasma membrane (Msanne et al, 2015). The complex GCIPC are considered as the equivalents of complex glycosphingolipids like gangliosides in animal cells (Gronnier et al, 2016;Cacas et al, 2016). They play important roles in regulation of cellular processes, such as cell wall formation, programmed cell death, drought and salt tolerance (Ali et al, 2018).…”

Section: Sphingolipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Glycosides and Glycosidases: A Treasure-Trove for Therapeutics

et al. 2020

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Plants contain numerous glycoconjugates that are metabolized by specific glucosyltransferases and hydrolyzed by specific glycosidases, some also catalyzing synthetic transglycosylation reactions. The documented value of plant-derived glycoconjugates to beneficially modulate metabolism is first addressed. Next, focus is given to glycosidases, the central theme of the review. The therapeutic value of plant glycosidases is discussed as well as the present production in plant platforms of therapeutic human glycosidases used in enzyme replacement therapies. The increasing knowledge on glycosidases, including structure and catalytic mechanism, is described. The novel insights have allowed the design of functionalized highly specific suicide inhibitors of glycosidases. These so-called activity-based probes allow unprecedented visualization of glycosidases cross-species. Here, special attention is paid on the use of such probes in plant science that promote the discovery of novel enzymes and the identification of potential therapeutic inhibitors and chaperones.

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Section: Sphingolipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Glycosides and Glycosidases: A Treasure-Trove for Therapeutics

et al. 2020

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“…It was shown that GIPCs are capable of binding rhamnogalacturonan II, which is a fraction of pectin [25]. GIPCs are lipids with very long saturated acyl chains organized in membrane domains at the plasma membrane [26]. It was calculated that the carbon atom acyl chains of GIPC are too long to fit in one leaflet and will therefor penetrate within the inner leaflet and interdigitate with the inner leaflet lipid acyl chains [26].…”

Section: The Plasma Membrane-a Sensor Of the Mechanical State Of The mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GIPCs are lipids with very long saturated acyl chains organized in membrane domains at the plasma membrane [26]. It was calculated that the carbon atom acyl chains of GIPC are too long to fit in one leaflet and will therefor penetrate within the inner leaflet and interdigitate with the inner leaflet lipid acyl chains [26]. This makes GIPCs putative links between the plasma membrane and the cell wall, which could access the plasma membrane to recognize the current physical state of the cell.…”

Section: The Plasma Membrane-a Sensor Of the Mechanical State Of The mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Plasma Membrane—An Integrating Compartment for Mechano-Signaling

Ackermann

Stanislas

2020

Plants

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Plants are able to sense their mechanical environment. This mechanical signal is used by the plant to determine its phenotypic features. This is true also at a smaller scale. Morphogenesis, both at the cell and tissue level, involves mechanical signals that influence specific patterns of gene expression and trigger signaling pathways. How a mechanical stress is perceived and how this signal is transduced into the cell remains a challenging question in the plant community. Among the structural components of plant cells, the plasma membrane has received very little attention. Yet, its position at the interface between the cell wall and the interior of the cell makes it a key factor at the nexus between biochemical and mechanical cues. So far, most of the key players that are described to perceive and maintain mechanical cell status and to respond to a mechanical stress are localized at or close to the plasma membrane. In this review, we will focus on the importance of the plasma membrane in mechano-sensing and try to illustrate how the composition of this dynamic compartment is involved in the regulatory processes of a cell to respond to mechanical stress.

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“…The sphingolipidome of plants contains glycosyl inositol phospho ceramides (GIPCs), glycosylceramides and ceramides, whereas sphingomyelin, globosides, sulfatides or gangliosides are absent. GIPCs were characterized as the major sphingolipid on earth due to their high abundance in plants and fungi, which comprise a large portion of the biomass of the biosphere [ 1 ]. GIPCs were first described more than 60 years ago as “phytoglycolipids” [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chasing the Major Sphingolipids on Earth: Automated Annotation of Plant Glycosyl Inositol Phospho Ceramides by Glycolipidomics

et al. 2020

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Glycosyl inositol phospho ceramides (GIPCs) are the major sphingolipids on earth, as they account for a considerable fraction of the total lipids in plants and fungi, which in turn represent a large portion of the biomass on earth. Despite their obvious importance, GIPC analysis remains challenging due to the lack of commercial standards and automated annotation software. In this work, we introduce a novel GIPC glycolipidomics workflow based on reversed-phase ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. For the first time, automated GIPC assignment was performed using the open-source software Lipid Data Analyzer (LDA), based on platform-independent decision rules. Four different plant samples (salad, spinach, raspberry, and strawberry) were analyzed and the results revealed 64 GIPCs based on accurate mass, characteristic MS2 fragments and matching retention times. Relative quantification using lactosyl ceramide for internal standardization revealed GIPC t18:1/h24:0 as the most abundant species in all plants. Depending on the plant sample, GIPCs contained mainly amine, N-acetylamine or hydroxyl residues. Most GIPCs revealed a Hex-HexA-IPC core and contained a ceramide part with a trihydroxylated t18:0 or a t18:1 long chain base and hydroxylated fatty acid chains ranging from 16 to 26 carbon atoms in length (h16:0–h26:0). Interestingly, four GIPCs containing t18:2 were observed in the raspberry sample, which was not reported so far. The presented workflow supports the characterization of different plant samples by automatic GIPC assignment, potentially leading to the identification of new GIPCs. For the first time, automated high-throughput profiling of these complex glycolipids is possible by liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry and subsequent automated glycolipid annotation based on decision rules.

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GIPC: Glycosyl Inositol Phospho Ceramides, the major sphingolipids on earth

Cited by 75 publications

References 35 publications

Plant Glycosides and Glycosidases: A Treasure-Trove for Therapeutics

Plant Glycosides and Glycosidases: A Treasure-Trove for Therapeutics

The Plasma Membrane—An Integrating Compartment for Mechano-Signaling

Chasing the Major Sphingolipids on Earth: Automated Annotation of Plant Glycosyl Inositol Phospho Ceramides by Glycolipidomics

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