Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 effects on survival and neurite growth of MPP + -affected mesencephalic dopaminergic cells

Radad, Khaled; Gille, Gabriele; Moldzio, Rudolf; Saito, Hiroaki; Ishige, Kumiko; Rausch, Wolf‐Dieter

doi:10.1007/s00702-003-0063-1

Cited by 81 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The addition of Rb 1 (10 µM) results in 20% increased neurite lengths, a result which indicates growth stimulation or acceleration. As we could show in our previous study 53) MPP + concentrations of 1 µM decrease dopaminergic cell counts by about 40 %. Looking at neurite lengths of dopaminergic cells (Fig.…”

Section: Ginseng's Role In Parkinson's Disease Modelssupporting

confidence: 61%

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Perspectives for Ginsenosides in Models of Parkinson's Disease

2007

Journal of Ginseng Research

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: Ginseng, the root of Panax species, is a well-known herbal medicine. It has been used as traditional medicine in Korea, China and Japan for thousands of years and now is a popular and worldwide natural medicine. The active principles of ginseng are ginsenosides which are also called ginseng saponins. Traditionally ginseng has been used primarily as a tonic to invigorate weak body functions and help the restoration of homeostasis. Current in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate its beneficial effects in a wide range of pathological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, immune deficiency and hepatotoxicity. Moreover, recent research indicates that some of ginseng's active ingredients exert beneficial actions on aging and neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson´s disease. Essentially, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anti-apoptotic and immunostimulant activities are mostly underlying the postulated ginseng-mediated protective mechanisms. Next to animal studies, data from neural cell cultures contribute to the understanding of these mechanisms which involve decreasing nitric oxide, scavenging of free radicals and counteracting excitotoxicity. This paper focuses on own and other neuroprotective data on ginseng for dopaminergic neurons and intends to show aspects where neuroprotection e.g. by ginsenosides, additionally or preceding standard Parkinson therapy, could come about as a valuable contribution to slow neurodegenerative processes.

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Section: Ginseng's Role In Parkinson's Disease Modelssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Our studies have used primary dopaminergic cells 53) . Such nerve cell cultures can be prepared from embryonic mouse brains on gestation day 14.…”

Section: Ginseng's Role In Parkinson's Disease Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives for Ginsenosides in Models of Parkinson's Disease

2007

Journal of Ginseng Research

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“…In vitro studies showed that ginseng saponins enhanced neurite growth of dopaminergic SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells (27). Recently, we demonstrated that ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 increased the survival of primary cultured dopaminergic cells and promoted their neuritic growth after exposure to either MPP + or glutamate (28,29 Although the processes and mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of ginseng upon dopaminergic neurons remain to be elucidated, several reports demonstrate the inhibitory role of ginseng on MPP + uptake in dopaminergic neurons, the suppression of oxidative stress induced by autooxidation of dopamine, the attenuation of MPP + -induced apoptosis, and the potentiation of nerve growth factor (NGF). It has been shown that certain ginsenosides inhibit dopamine uptake into rat synaptosomes (31) and consequently ginseng could potentially provide protection against MPP + through blockade of its uptake by dopaminergic neurons (21).…”

Section: Ginseng's Role In Parkinson's Disease Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Ginseng in Medicine With Emphasis on Neurodegenerative Disorders

Gille²,

et al. 2006

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Abstract. Ginseng, the root of Panax species, is a well-known herbal medicine. It has been used as a traditional medicine in China, Korea, and Japan for thousands of years and is now a popular and worldwide used natural medicine. The active ingredients of ginseng are ginsenosides which are also called ginseng saponins. Recently, there is increasing evidence in the literature on the pharmacological and physiological actions of ginseng. However, ginseng has been used primarily as a tonic to invigorate week bodies and help the restoration of homeostasis. Current in vivo and in vitro studies have shown its beneficial effects in a wide range of pathological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, immune deficiency, and hepatotoxicity. Moreover, recent research has suggested that some of ginseng's active ingredients also exert beneficial effects on aging, central nervous system (CNS) disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. In general, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and immune-stimulatory activities are mostly underlying the possible ginseng-mediated protective mechanisms. Next to animal studies, data from neural cell cultures contribute to the understanding of these mechanisms that involve decreasing nitric oxide (NO), scavenging of free radicals, and counteracting excitotoxicity. In this review, we focus on recently reported medicinal effects of ginseng and summarize the current knowledge of its effects on CNS disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.

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“…Ginsenoside Rb1 is the main neuroprotective molecule of ginseng. It facilitates cholinergic function and increases synaptophysin levels in the hippocampus, potentiates the nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated neurite outgrowth (14)(15)(16), reduces oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide (17), and promotes neurite length and number after exposure to glutamate or hydrogen peroxide (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective effects of ginseng pectin through the activation of ERK/MAPK and Akt survival signaling pathways

et al. 2012

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Abstract. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective activities of ginseng pectin (GP) against hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-induced neuronal toxicity in different neuronal cells. GP selectively attenuated H 2 O 2 -induced damage up to 26% in primary cortical neuron cells and human glioblastoma U87 cells. Following H 2 O 2 exposure, DAPI staining and neuron-specific β-tubulin antibody probing indicated that GP maintained cell integrity and decreased nuclei condensation. Data from western blot analysis revealed that pre-treatment with GP increased the phosphorylation of both the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and Akt in cortical neuron cells. However, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was increased, but that of Akt was decreased in U87 cells. These results suggest that the protective effects of GP against H 2 O 2 -induced apoptosis may be due to the activation of the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt; however, the mechanisms involved differ depending on the cell line. This neuroprotective property indicates that GP could serve as a potential therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases.

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Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 effects on survival and neurite growth of MPP + -affected mesencephalic dopaminergic cells

Cited by 81 publications

References 18 publications

Perspectives for Ginsenosides in Models of Parkinson's Disease

Perspectives for Ginsenosides in Models of Parkinson's Disease

Use of Ginseng in Medicine With Emphasis on Neurodegenerative Disorders

Neuroprotective effects of ginseng pectin through the activation of ERK/MAPK and Akt survival signaling pathways

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