Ginsenoside Rh1 Ameliorates the Asthma and Allergic Inflammation Via Inhibiting Akt, MAPK, And NF-κB Signaling Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo

Aromadendrin inhibits PMA-induced cytokine formation/NF-κB activation in A549 cells and ovalbumin-induced bronchial inflammation in mice

“…Recent studies have revealed that the combination of airway epithelial cells and eosinophils is weakened by the suppression of airway epithelial cell-derived cytokines such as IL-6 and MCP-1 [ 15 ]. Compounds that can suppress airway epithelial cell-derived cytokines and airway cell-eosinophil adhesion exert ameliorative effects against bronchial inflammation in experimental models of AA [ 16 , 35 , 36 ]. In our in vitro study, ARO inhibited not only IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 production in A549 cells but also airway cell-eosinophil cohesion.…”

Experimental model and novel therapeutic targets for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development

“…Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways act as inflammatory signaling pathways upon inflammatory cytokine stimulation [42]. MAPK consists of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase that activates liver inflammation via production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β [43]. In addition, high levels of ROS increase damage-associated molecular pattern-mediated NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) activation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines released by inflammasome expression significantly activate stellate cell fibrosis [44].…”