Ginsenoside Rg1 Prevents Chronic Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors and Neuronal Structural Plasticity in Rats

Yu, Hao; Fan, Chunhua; Yang, Lejin; Yu, Shu; Song, Qianqian; Wang, Peng; Mao, Xinrui

doi:10.1159/000492684

Cited by 59 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…These results suggest that fRG, RG, and their ginsenosides, particularly ginsenoside Rd, can alleviate anxiety/depression and colitis by modulating the NF-κB-mediated BDNF expression and gut dysbiosis. Moreover, ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, Rg2, Rg3, Rh2, Re, and compound K mitigate depression in rodents [14,23,24,[41][42][43][44][45][46]. These findings suggest that the anti-depressive effects of RG and fRG can be dependent on the absorption of these ginsenosides including ginsensides Rd and Rg1 and protopanaxatriol into the blood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Bifidobacteria-Fermented Red Ginseng and Its Constituents Ginsenoside Rd and Protopanaxatriol Alleviate Anxiety/Depression in Mice by the Amelioration of Gut Dysbiosis

et al. 2020

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Gut dysbiosis is closely connected with the outbreak of psychiatric disorders with colitis. Bifidobacteria-fermented red ginseng (fRG) increases the absorption of ginsenoside Rd and protopanxatriol into the blood in volunteers and mice. fRG and Rd alleviates 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice. Therefore, to understand the gut microbiota-mediated mechanism of fRG against anxiety/depression, we examined the effects of red ginseng (RG), fRG, ginsenoside Rd, and protopanaxatriol on the occurrence of anxiety/depression, colitis, and gut dysbiosis in mice. Mice with anxiety/depression were prepared by being exposed to two stressors, immobilization stress (IS) or Escherichia coli (EC). Treatment with RG and fRG significantly mitigated the stress-induced anxiety/depression-like behaviors in elevated plus maze, light-dark transition, forced swimming (FST), and tail suspension tasks (TST) and reduced corticosterone levels in the blood. Their treatments also suppressed the stress-induced NF-κB activation and NF-κB+/Iba1+ cell population in the hippocampus, while the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and BDNF+/NeuN+ cell population were increased. Furthermore, treatment with RG or fRG suppressed the stress-induced colitis: they suppressed myeloperoxidase activity, NF-κB activation, and NF-κB+/CD11c+ cell population in the colon. In particular, fRG suppressed the EC-induced depression-like behaviors in FST and TST and colitis more strongly than RG. fRG treatment also significantly alleviated the EC-induced NF-κB+/Iba1+ cell population and EC-suppressed BDNF+/NeuN+ cell population in the hippocampus more strongly than RG. RG and fRG alleviated EC-induced gut dysbiosis: they increased Bacteroidetes population and decreased Proteobacteria population. Rd and protopanaxatriol also alleviated EC-induced anxiety/depression and colitis. In conclusion, fRG and its constituents Rd and protopanaxatriol mitigated anxiety/depression and colitis by regulating NF-κB-mediated BDNF expression and gut dysbiosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Bifidobacteria-Fermented Red Ginseng and Its Constituents Ginsenoside Rd and Protopanaxatriol Alleviate Anxiety/Depression in Mice by the Amelioration of Gut Dysbiosis

et al. 2020

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“…Growing evidence suggests that Rg1 exerts signi cant antioxidant, anti-in ammatory and protective effects in neurological disease models in vivo and in vitro studies [62,63]. Our previous study demonstrated that Rg1 treatment could reduce oxidative stress and neuroin ammation and delay neuronal senescence in hippocampal neurons in vitro [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates Aβ deposition and neuronal damage by inhibiting NLRP1 inflammasome activation in APP/PS1 mice

Zhang¹,

Su²,

Sun³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play important roles in the whole pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) is an important enzyme that is responsible for ROS generation in many neurodegenerative diseases. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 1 (NLRP1) inflammasome is responsible for the formation of pro-inflammatory molecules in neurons. However, it is still unclear whether inhibition of NOX2 and NLRP1 inflammasome decreases amyloid-beta (Aβ) generation and deposition in APP/PS1 mice. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is an active component in ginseng, and maybe a potential agent for neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of Rg1 treatment on cognitive performance, neuronal damage, Aβ deposition and NOX2-NLRP1 inflammasome activation in APP/PS1 mice.Methods: WT and APP/PS1 mice were used in the experiment from 6 months (M) old to 9M old, and 6M APP/PS1 mice were used as pre-treatment controls. The open field test (OFT) and Morris water maze (MWM) were used to detect behavioral change and cognitive function. The H&E and Nissl staining were used to assess neuronal damage. We further examined PSD95 expression, Aβ generation and deposition, Tau and p-Tau expression, NOX2-mediated ROS generation and NLRP1 inflammasome activation by using immunofluorescence, western blot analysis, and real time q-PCR.Results: Rg1 treatment for 12 weeks alleviated learning and memory impairments and neuronal damage, decreased p-Tau level, APP expression and Aβ deposition in APP/PS1 mice. Meanwhile, Rg1 treatment significantly decreased the levels of ROS and IL-1β, and reduced the expressions of NOX2 and NLRP1 inflammasome in the brain cortex and hippocampus in APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, apocynin (a NOX inhibitor) and NLRP1-siRNA treatment also alleviated cognitive impairments, neuronal damage and Aβ deposition, and reduced the expression of NLRP1 inflammasome in brain cortex and hippocampus in APP/PS1 mice.Conclusions: Rg1 treatment could alleviate learning and memory impairment, neuronal damage, and reduce Aβ generation and deposition by inhibiting NLRP1 inflammasome activation in APP/PS1 mice.

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“…classic animal depression models, including FST, tail suspension test (TST), CMS, CUMS and so on. [48][49][50] It has been reported that ginseng extract G115 could notably improve BDNF expression in the hippocampus and PFC of ethanol-induced depression mice, even superior to amitriptyline, indicating that the antidepressant effects may contribute to some BDNF-related signalling pathway. 51 Interestingly, G115 did not influence the BDNF levels in normal brain areas.…”

Section: Sant-like Effect Via Accommodation Of Bdnf Expression In Varmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Panax ginseng action as an antidepressant

et al. 2019

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Objectives Panax ginseng, a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine with multiple pharmacological activities, plays a crucial role in modulating mood disorders. Several recent studies have identified an underlying role of Panax ginseng in the prevention and treatment of depression. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Materials and Methods In this review, we summarized the recent progress of antidepressant effects and underlying mechanisms of Panax ginseng and its representative herbal formulae. Results The molecular and cellular mechanisms of Panax ginseng and its herbal formulae include modulating monoamine neurotransmitter system, upregulating the expression of neurotrophic factors, regulating the function of HPA axis, and anti‐inflammatory action. Conclusions Therefore, this review may provide theoretical bases and clinical applications for the treatment of depression by Panax ginseng and its representative herbal formulae.

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Ginsenoside Rg1 Prevents Chronic Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors and Neuronal Structural Plasticity in Rats

Cited by 59 publications

References 54 publications

Bifidobacteria-Fermented Red Ginseng and Its Constituents Ginsenoside Rd and Protopanaxatriol Alleviate Anxiety/Depression in Mice by the Amelioration of Gut Dysbiosis

Bifidobacteria-Fermented Red Ginseng and Its Constituents Ginsenoside Rd and Protopanaxatriol Alleviate Anxiety/Depression in Mice by the Amelioration of Gut Dysbiosis

Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates Aβ deposition and neuronal damage by inhibiting NLRP1 inflammasome activation in APP/PS1 mice

Mechanisms of Panax ginseng action as an antidepressant

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