Ginsenoside Rg1 and the control of inflammation implications for the therapy of type 2 diabetes: A review of scientific findings and call for further research

Alolga, Raphael N.; Nuer-Allornuvor, Gloria F.; Kuugbee, Eugene Dogkotenge; X, Yin; Ma, Gaoxiang

doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104630

Cited by 53 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Ginseng, as a valuable medical herbs of the past, has been now widely cultivated and grown in many countries due to its abundance of ginsenosides, which were proved to have excellent anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-oxidative effects in animals ( 8 ). One of the most prominent functions of ginsenoside Rg1 is to improve cardiovascular activities including activating the vascular endothelial angiogenesis ( 24 ) and protecting the oxidative attack on cardiomyocytes in humans and rats ( 25 , 26 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ginseng is a widely known and valuable plant used for different pharmacological activities worldwide and belongs to genus Panax , which has 13 known species and is widely distributed in many countries including in China, Korea, Japan, Russia, and North America ( 7 , 8 ). Ginsenosides, also known as saponins, are the main components that exert the pharmacological action of ginseng.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oral administration of 1 mg/kg body weight ginsenoside Rg1 for broiler chickens showed to attenuate the immune response and oxidation stress from disease infection ( 13 ). It was reported that the ginsenoside Rg1 was metabolized into ginsenoside F1 or Rh1 and further hydrolyzed into protopanaxtriol by microbes in the intestine [ Figure 1 ; ( 7 , 8 )].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Dietary Ginsenoside Rg1 Supplementation on Growth Performance, Gut Health, and Serum Immunity in Broiler Chickens

et al. 2021

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The restriction and banning of antibiotics in farm animal feed has led to a search for promising substitutes for antibiotics to promote growth and maintain health for livestock and poultry. Ginsenoside Rg1, which is one of the most effective bioactive components in ginseng, has been reported to have great potential to improve the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative status of animals. In this study, 360 Chinese indigenous broiler chickens with close initial body weight were divided into 5 groups. Each group contained 6 replicates and each replicate had 12 birds. The experimental groups were: the control group, fed with the basal diet; the antibiotic group, fed basal diet + 300 mg/kg 15% chlortetracycline; and three Rg1 supplementation groups, fed with basal diet + 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg ginsenoside Rg1, respectively. The growth performance, immune function, and intestinal health of birds were examined at early (day 1–28) and late (day 29–51) stages. Our results showed that dietary supplementation of 300 mg/kg ginsenoside Rg1 significantly improved the growth performance for broilers, particularly at the late stage, including an increase in final body weight and decrease of feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). Additionally, the integrity of intestinal morphology (Villus height, Crypt depth, and Villus height/Crypt depth) and tight junction (ZO-1 and Occludin), and the secretion of sIgA in the intestine were enhanced by the supplementation of Rg1 in chicken diet (P < 0.05). The immune organ index showed that the weight of the thymus, spleen, and bursa was significantly increased at the early stage in ginsenoside Rg1 supplementation groups (P < 0.05). Our findings might demonstrate that ginsenoside Rg1 could serve as a promising antibiotic alternative to improve the growth performance and gut health for broiler chickens mainly through its amelioration of inflammatory and oxidative activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Dietary Ginsenoside Rg1 Supplementation on Growth Performance, Gut Health, and Serum Immunity in Broiler Chickens

et al. 2021

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“…Therefore, the central role of inflammation in the development and progression of diabetes is now receiving widespread attention. To date, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been considered a metabolic disease caused by defects in insulin secretion and action, which has been expanded to include a key role in inflammation [ 7 ]. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic inflammatory state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The occurrence of inflammation requires the participation of multiple inflammatory signaling pathways and specific proinflammatory cytokines [ 12 – 16 ]. According to the available studies, fibrinogen, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ) are associated with the onset of diabetes [ 7 , 17 , 18 ]. Currently, with the progress of whole-genome resequencing, lncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs) are gaining widespread attention in the onset and progression of various disease [ 19 ] states, such as tumors [ 20 ], cardiovascular diseases [ 21 ], and immune diseases [ 22 ], and their clinical relevance and regulatory mechanisms are being explored in conditions including diabetic inflammation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms and Functions of lncRNAs in the Inflammatory Reaction of Diabetes Mellitus

Huang

2021

International Journal of Endocrinology

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Diabetes is a chronic inflammatory state, and several studies have shown that the mechanisms of insulin resistance and abnormal islet β-cell function in diabetes are closely related to inflammatory reactions. Inflammation plays a critical role in diabetic complications. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a new area of genomic research for gene regulation, have complex biological functions in various aspects of cellular biological activity. Recent studies have shown that lncRNAs are associated with the regulation of inflammatory responses in various ways, including at the epigenetic, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional levels. This paper presents a brief review of studies on the mechanisms of lncRNAs in diabetic inflammation. The purpose of this article is to determine the role of lncRNAs in the process of diabetic inflammation and to provide new strategies for the use of lncRNAs in the treatments for diabetic inflammation.

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Ginsenoside Rh4 alleviates idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by enhancing the CXCL9–CXCR3 axis

Yao,

Qu,

Deng

et al. 2024

Food Frontiers

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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), often likened to a “tumor‐like disease,” proves more lethal than several malignancies. Although prior studies have demonstrated the lung‐protective efficacy of ginsenosides, the precise mechanism underlying their alleviative effect on IPF remains elusive. In this study, we validated the efficacy of the ginsenoside Rh4 in alleviating IPF and delved into the underlying mechanisms. Our data showed that Rh4 intervention significantly reduced mortality and hydroxyproline (HYP) content in mice. It also alleviated the pathological process of IPF by ameliorating phenomena such as alveolar wall thickening induced by IPF. In addition, in vitro cellular experiments confirmed that ginsenoside Rh4 was effective in alleviating transforming growth factor‐β1‐induced IPF model. Further analysis showed that ginsenoside Rh4 significantly reduced collagen fiber production and deposition while inhibiting the coagulation cascade signaling pathway. In addition, ginsenoside Rh4 inhibited the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition(EMT) pathway by promoting the CXCR3‐CXCL9 axis, which ultimately alleviated IPF. In conclusion, our data strongly suggest that ginsenoside Rh4 has the potential to be an innovative prophylactic drug against IPF.

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Ginsenoside Rg1 and the control of inflammation implications for the therapy of type 2 diabetes: A review of scientific findings and call for further research

Cited by 53 publications

References 99 publications

Effects of Dietary Ginsenoside Rg1 Supplementation on Growth Performance, Gut Health, and Serum Immunity in Broiler Chickens

Effects of Dietary Ginsenoside Rg1 Supplementation on Growth Performance, Gut Health, and Serum Immunity in Broiler Chickens

Molecular Mechanisms and Functions of lncRNAs in the Inflammatory Reaction of Diabetes Mellitus

Ginsenoside Rh4 alleviates idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by enhancing the CXCL9–CXCR3 axis

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