Ginsenoside Rd inhibits migration and invasion of tongue cancer cells through H19/miR-675-5p/CDH1 axis

Abstract

Objective: Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is an oral cancer, with high malignancy and frequent early migration and invasion. Only a few drugs can treat tongue cancer. Ginsenoside Rd is a ginseng extract with anti-cancer effects. Many noncoding RNAs are abnormally expressed in tongue cancer, thus influencing its occurrence and development. H19 and miR-675-5p can promote cancer cell growth. This study aimed to analyze the regulation effect of ginsenoside Rd on H19 and miR-675-5p in tongue cancer.Methodology: We used CCK8 and flow cytometry to study the growth and apoptosis. Transwell assay was used to assess invasion; wound-healing assay to assess migration; and colony formation assays to test the ability of cells to form colonies. H19, miR-675-5p, and CDH1 expressions were analyzed by qPCR. E-cadherin expression was detected using western blot. CRISPR/ cas9 system was used for CDH1 knockout. Results: Ginsenoside Rd inhibited the growth and increased the apoptosis of SCC9 cells. Ginsenoside Rd also inhibited the migration and invasion of SCC9 cells. H19 and miR-675-5p were highly expressed, while CDH1 and E-cadherin expressions were low. H19 and miR-675-5p promoted SCC9 metastasis. In contrast, CDH1 and E-cadherin inhibited the metastasis of SCC9 cells. Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-675-5p was associated with CDH1. H19 and miR-675-5p expressions decreased after ginsenoside Rd treatment, while CDH1 and E-cadherin expressions increased. Conclusions: Ginsenoside Rd inhibits tongue cancer cell migration and invasion via the H19/miR-675-5p/CDH1 axis.

Melatonin inhibits tongue squamous cell carcinoma: Interplay of ER stress-induced apoptosis and autophagy with cell migration

“…Different LncRNAs exert distinct roles, influencing the advancement of TSCC in various aspects such as cell migration, autophagy, apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, and cellular drug resistance, through diverse signaling pathways [ 3 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. A study suggested that knocking out LncRNA CASC9 in TSCC cells SCC15 and CAL27 significantly promotes autophagy and apoptosis while inhibiting proliferation [ [28] , [29] ]. Furthermore, the application of certain drugs can target these LncRNAs to curb the growth of TSCC(3).…”

Effect of Ginsenoside Rd on the Biological Characteristics of Lung Adenocarcinoma H1299 Cell Line

“…Well-studied ginsenosides such as Rg3 and Rh2 have demonstrated strong anticancer effects in breast cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, and melanoma [8,9] . The anticancer effects of GSRd have also been reported in various cancers, including tongue cancer [10] , breast cancer [11] , colorectal cancer [12] and gastric cancer [13] . However, the effects of GSRd on the biological characteristics of LUAD cells remain unclear.…”