Ginsenoside‐Rd improves outcome of acute ischaemic stroke – a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter trial

Liu, X.; Wang, L.; Wen, Aidong; Yang, Ji-Young; Yan, Yongmin; Song, Yilun; Liu, Xiaojun; Ren, Hua; Ying, Wei; Li, Z.; Chen, W.; Xu, Yuming; Li, L.; Xia, Jielai; Zhao, Gang

doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03634.x

Cited by 64 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…In light of the beneficial effects of some anti-inflammatory treatments experimented in animal models, some of these compounds were tested in humans in phase II or III clinical trials in the setting of IS (Table 6) [277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,289,290,291,292,293,294,295]. …”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Treatments In Is: Evidence From Clinicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Treatments in Ischemic Stroke

Bonaventura

Liberale

Vecchiè

et al. 2016

IJMS

133

114

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After an acute ischemic stroke (AIS), inflammatory processes are able to concomitantly induce both beneficial and detrimental effects. In this narrative review, we updated evidence on the inflammatory pathways and mediators that are investigated as promising therapeutic targets. We searched for papers on PubMed and MEDLINE up to August 2016. The terms searched alone or in combination were: ischemic stroke, inflammation, oxidative stress, ischemia reperfusion, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, autoimmunity. Inflammation in AIS is characterized by a storm of cytokines, chemokines, and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) released by several cells contributing to exacerbate the tissue injury both in the acute and reparative phases. Interestingly, many biomarkers have been studied, but none of these reflected the complexity of systemic immune response. Reperfusion therapies showed a good efficacy in the recovery after an AIS. New therapies appear promising both in pre-clinical and clinical studies, but still need more detailed studies to be translated in the ordinary clinical practice. In spite of clinical progresses, no beneficial long-term interventions targeting inflammation are currently available. Our knowledge about cells, biomarkers, and inflammatory markers is growing and is hoped to better evaluate the impact of new treatments, such as monoclonal antibodies and cell-based therapies.

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Section: Anti-inflammatory Treatments In Is: Evidence From Clinicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Treatments in Ischemic Stroke

Bonaventura

Liberale

Vecchiè

et al. 2016

IJMS

133

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A double-blinded clinical trial was conducted and although no significant differences in the treatment groups at 90 days were seen, a positive trend was reported in a subpopulation of stroke patients (66). Finally, the calcium channel antagonist Ginsenoside-Rd showed significant improvements in outcomes at 15 and 90 days after stroke in one trial (67). …”

Section: What Are the Current Options Available For The Treatment mentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutics targeting the inflammasome after central nervous system injury

Vaccari

Dietrich

Keane

2016

Translational Research

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Innate immunity is part of the early response of the body to deal with tissue damage and infections. Due to the early nature of the innate immune inflammatory response, this inflammatory reaction represents an attractive option as a therapeutic target. The inflammasome is a component of the innate immune response involved in the activation of caspase-1 and the processing of pro-interleukin-1β. In this article we discuss the therapeutic potential of the inflammasome after central nervous system (CNS) injury and stoke, as well as the basic knowledge we have gained so far regarding inflammasome activation in the CNS. In addition, we discuss some of the therapies available or under investigation for the treatment of brain injury, spinal cord injury and stroke.

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“…The trial group received a 14-day intravenous infusion of ginsenoside Rd. Notably, the ginsenoside Rd group showed significant improvement across the overall distribution of scores compared to placebo, and there were significant differences between the two groups [49]. After 2 years, this study group has unraveled the underlying mechanism of ginsenoside Rd on anti-ischemic activity [19] using the Sprague-Dawley rat model.…”

Section: Biological Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Although Rd is only present in trace quantities, it is one of the most potent ingredients in P. ginseng [36,43,49]. In 2000, Kim et al [3] isolated three human intestinal bacterial strains: Eubacterium sp., Streptococcus sp.…”

Section: Major Ginsenosides: Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ginsenosides and their metabolites: a review of their pharmacological activities in the skin

et al. 2015

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Ginsenosides are representative pharmaceutical compounds found in various forms in Panax ginseng, a traditional medicinal plant. They are converted to their metabolites Rg2, Rg3, compound K, and others by human intestinal microflora following ingestion. Numerous studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of ginsenosides against aberrant molecular processes responsible for cancer, metabolic diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, antiaging effects of ginsenosides in human skin have been reported from clinical trial and in vitro model data. Ginsenosides have hence been proposed as promising natural cosmeceutical agents. In this review, we will critically review the known biological effects of several ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg3, Rd and compound K), such as anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, which arise from the modulation of diverse molecular pathways. The application potential of ginsenosides as cosmeceutical ingredients will also be reviewed.

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Ginsenoside‐Rd improves outcome of acute ischaemic stroke – a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter trial

Abstract: Ginsenoside-Rd improved the primary outcome of acute ischaemic stroke and had an acceptable adverse-event profile.

Cited by 64 publications

References 29 publications

Update on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Treatments in Ischemic Stroke

Update on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Treatments in Ischemic Stroke

Therapeutics targeting the inflammasome after central nervous system injury

Ginsenosides and their metabolites: a review of their pharmacological activities in the skin

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