Ginsenoside Rb1 promotes intestinal epithelial wound healing through extracellular signal‐regulated kinase and Rho signaling

Abstract

Background and Aim Daikenchuto, a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, has been reported to exhibit anti‐inflammatory effects against intestinal inflammation. However, whether daikenchuto has a therapeutic effect against intestinal mucosal injuries remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of daikenchuto on intestinal mucosal healing. Methods Colitis was induced in male Wistar rats by using trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Daikenchuto (900 mg/kg/day) was administered for 7 days after the induction of colitis. Thereafter, intestinal mucosal injuries were evaluated by determining the colonic epithelial regeneration ratio ([area of epithelial regeneration/area of ulcer] × 100). Restoration of rat intestinal epithelial cells treated with daikenchuto and its constituent herbs (Zanthoxylum fruit, processed ginger, and ginseng) and ginsenoside Rb1, which is a ginseng ingredient, was evaluated using a wound‐healing assay. Results The colon epithelial regeneration ratio in the daikenchuto‐treated rats was significantly higher than that in the control rats. Daikenchuto, ginseng, and ginsenoside Rb1 enhanced wound healing, and the ginsenoside Rb1‐induced enhancement was inhibited by extracellular signal‐regulated kinase and Rho inhibitors. Conclusions Daikenchuto and its constituent, ginsenoside Rb1, promoted wound healing. Because mucosal healing is one of the most important therapeutic targets in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, ginsenoside Rb1 may be a novel therapeutic agent against intestinal mucosal damage such as that occurring in intestinal bowel disease.

Daikenchuto attenuates visceral pain and suppresses eosinophil infiltration in inflammatory bowel disease in murine models

“…[32][33][34] Remodeling events were found to be accompanied by a massive eosinophil infiltrate and widespread eosinophil degranulation. 35 DKT promotes intestinal epithelial wound healing in IBD rats, 36 which might be a result of the attenuating effect of DKT on the eosinophil accumulation, as observed in the present study.…”

Single Cell RNA-Sequencing Reveals a Murine Gallbladder Cell Transcriptome Atlas During the Process of Cholesterol Gallstone Formation

“…The gallbladder reacted to injury at the time before gallstones were forming or formed ( Scott, 1978 ). Several signaling pathways involved in wound healing which are important in regulating these processes, including sonic hedgehog ( Zhang et al, 2020 ), Rho GTPases ( Toyokawa et al, 2019 ), STAT3 ( Wang et al, 2020 ), and Wnt ( Burgy and Konigshoff, 2018 ), were induced.…”

Recent progress (2015–2020) in the investigation of the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rb1, a main active ingredient in Panax ginseng Meyer

“…For example, Rb 1 can mitigate the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms by inhibiting the JNK and p38 signaling pathways [ 101 ]. Moreover, Rb 1 has therapeutic and ameliorative effects on hypertrophic scar remodeling [ 102 ], colitis [ 103 ], asthma [ 104 ], and tumor malignancy [ 105 ], as well as the ability to activate TMEM16A channels [ 106 ]. Also, Rb 1 exerts protection on other tissues and organs through multiple targets and multiple pathways, which involve intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (II/R) injury, hepatotoxicity, liver fibrosis, skin aging, and osteoarthritis (See the details in Supplementary materials).…”