Ginseng, the 'Immunity Boost': The Effects of Panax ginseng on Immune System

Kang, Soowon; Min, Hye‐Young

doi:10.5142/jgr.2012.36.4.354

Cited by 275 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…It is one of the oldest and most studied medicinal herbs in the world. Ginseng saponins, also referred to ginsenosides, have been reported to exert various beneficial effects, including anti-cancer, anti-diabetes, anti-aging and neuronal protection effects (Kang & Min, 2012;Wee, Mee Park, & Chung, 2011). There are two kinds of ginseng products: ginseng (or also called white ginseng) and red ginseng.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary saponins from four popular herbal tea exert prebiotic-like effects on gut microbiota in C57BL/6 mice

Chen

Tai

Hsiao

2015

Journal of Functional Foods

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary saponins from four popular herbal tea exert prebiotic-like effects on gut microbiota in C57BL/6 mice

Chen

Tai

Hsiao

2015

Journal of Functional Foods

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“…Reports show that ginseng has a range of pharmacological and therapeutic uses [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]. The ginseng root consists of ginsenosides, polysaccharides, peptide, polyacetylenic alcohols, and fatty acids [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of a Ginsenoside-Transforming β-Glucosidase from Pseudonocardia sp. Gsoil 1536 and Its Application for Enhanced Production of Minor Ginsenoside Rg2(S)

Cui

Park

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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The ginsenoside Rg2(S), which is one of the pharmaceutical components of ginseng, is known to have neuroprotective, anti-inflammation, and anti-diabetic effects. However, the usage of ginsenoside Rg2(S) is restricted owing to the small amounts found in white and red ginseng. To enhance the production of ginsenoside Rg2(S) as a 100 gram unit with high specificity, yield, and purity, an enzymatic bioconversion method was developed to adopt the recombinant glycoside hydrolase (BglPC28), which is a ginsenoside-transforming recombinant β-glucosidase from Pseudonocardia sp. strain Gsoil 1536. The gene, termed bglPC28, encoding β-glucosidase (BglPC28) belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 3 was cloned. bglPC28 consists of 2,232 bp (743 amino acid residues) with a predicted molecular mass of 78,975 Da. This enzyme was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) using a GST-fused pGEX 4T-1 vector system. The optimum conditions of the recombinant BglPC28 were pH 7.0 and 37°C. BglPC28 can effectively transform the ginsenoside Re to Rg2(S); the K m values of PNPG and Re were 6.36±1.10 and 1.42±0.13 mM, respectively, and the V max values were 40.0±2.55 and 5.62±0.21 µmol min−1 mg−1 of protein, respectively. A scaled-up biotransformation reaction was performed in a 10 L jar fermenter at pH 7.0 and 30°C for 12 hours with a concentration of 20 mg/ml of ginsenoside Re from American ginseng roots. Finally, 113 g of Rg2(S) was produced from 150 g of Re with 84.0±1.1% chromatographic purity. These results suggest that this enzymatic method could be usefully exploited in the preparation of ginsenoside Rg2(S) in the cosmetics, functional food, and pharmaceutical industries.

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“…channels. Researchers have investigated on the immune modulatory effect of Ginseng [67]. The inhibitory activity of a metabolite of Ginseng (compound K) is to be more potent than commercial anti-allergic drugs [29].…”

Section: Ginsengmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of medicinal plants in neurodegenerative diseases

et al. 2017

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Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), are characterized by progressive loss (and even death) of structure and function of neurons, and have created great burden to the individual and the society. The actual cause of various neurodegenerative diseases still remains a mystery in healthcare. Some of the commonly studied environmental factors causes for neurodegenerative diseases are protein degradation, oxidative stress, inflammation, environmental factor, mitochondrial defects, familial history, and abnormal protein accumulation in neuron. However ageing plays a very important role in neurodegenerative diseases. Medicinal plants and natural compounds, such as Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), Ginseng, curcumin, resveratrol, Baccopa monnieri, Ginkgo biloba, and Wolfberry have been applied to prevent or alleviate neurological diseases and relief of neurological symptoms reported in in vivo or in clinical trails. Natural compounds in nanosize range as a therapeutic agent possess the same activity as in native state. Nanodrug delivery helps to increase the bioavailability of the drug and thereby specifically target cells and tissues. Nanoparticles, polymeric nanomicelles, complex polymers nanocrystal, and nanofibers are used to carry the medicinal plants for drug delivery system in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Especially, electrospinning and electrospraying as straightforward yet versatile techniques for the production of nanosized fibers and particles possess huge potential in encapsulation of natural compounds for the neurodegenerative diseases. This review is a study to understand the role of nanotechnology and natural compounds in neurodegenerative diseases associated with ageing.

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Ginseng, the 'Immunity Boost': The Effects of Panax ginseng on Immune System

Cited by 275 publications

References 114 publications

Dietary saponins from four popular herbal tea exert prebiotic-like effects on gut microbiota in C57BL/6 mice

Dietary saponins from four popular herbal tea exert prebiotic-like effects on gut microbiota in C57BL/6 mice

Identification and Characterization of a Ginsenoside-Transforming β-Glucosidase from Pseudonocardia sp. Gsoil 1536 and Its Application for Enhanced Production of Minor Ginsenoside Rg2(S)

Role of medicinal plants in neurodegenerative diseases

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