Ginseng, the Genus Panax

Court, W. E.

doi:10.1201/9780203304518

Cited by 55 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…The extract's actions have been described primarily as immunostimulant, immunomodulatory, stress reducing, stimulating, enhancing work performance, radioprotective, anabolic and adaptogenic. The stimulant and tonic effects of eleuthero preparations are reputedly stronger and longer acting than ginseng (Panax ginseng) [4]. Eleutherosides are considered to be the compounds responsible for adaptogenic activity of this plant [6][7][8].…”

Section: S U M M a R Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other Eleutherococcus species are also mentioned as a source of raw materials (roots, root and stem bark) for medicinal purposes [9][10][11][12]. Most of them are used due to lack of products from E. senticosus [4,9]. The aim of undertaken study was to investigate chemical diversity of 8 Eleutherococcus species growing at Arboretum of Warsaw University of Life Sciences -SGGW in Rogów in respect of the contents of eleutherosides B and E, phenolic acids and sterols in underground organs and stem bark.…”

Section: S U M M a R Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is probably due to fact that the species are wild growing plants occurring in Far East and most of the literature available has been published in Chinese and Korean with only brief English summaries. On the other hand there is much information on the activity of the raw material collected from eleuthero (E. senticosus) [4][5][6][7][8][11][12][13].The studies on the content of eleutherosides B and E in stems and roots as well in fruits of E. koreanum, E. senticosus, E. senticosus forma inermis, E. divaricatus var. albeofructus and E. chiisanensis were performed earlier by Kang et al [9].…”

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Diversity of Eleutherococcus genus in respect of biologically active compounds accumulation

Bączek

2014

Herba Polonica

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S u m m a r yEight species of Eleutherococcus genus grown at Rogów Arboretum collection were compared in respect of biologically active compounds accumulation, i.e. eleutheroside B and E, phenolic acids and sterols. For the determination of content of these compounds in underground organs and stem bark high performance liquid chromatography was applied. The highest content of the sum of eleutherosides B and E was observed in underground organs and stem bark of E. leucorrhizus (322.0 and 300.8 mg × 100 g -1 , respectively) and E. nodiflorus (218.9 and 363.5 mg × 100g -1 , respectively). In the raw materials from E. senticosus, the content of these compounds was significantly lower (177.4 and 159.3 mg × 100 g -1 , respectively). E divaricatus and E. setchuenensis were characterized by the lowest accumulation of these compounds in underground organs whereas E. divaricatus, E. sessiliflorus and E. giraldii -in stem bark. Four phenolic acids were identified in the investigated species, namely: chlorogenic, rosmarinic, ferulic and caffeic acids. The main phenolic acid in the analyzed species was chlorogenic acid. The content of this compound in underground organs varied from 102.1 (E. henryi) to 958.7 mg × 100 g -1 (E. leucorrhizus) and in stem bark from 26.7 (E. giraldii) to 542.5 mg × 100 g -1 (E. setchuenensis). The content of identified sterol compounds (sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucoside /eleutheroside A / campesterol, stigmasterol) was relatively low, but higher in underground organs in comparison with stem bark. Currently, it has become a popular medicine also in Eurasia and North America. According to European Medicines Agency, it is a herbal product traditionally used for symptoms of fatigue and weakness [5]. It has been also much prized for its anti-stress action. The extract's actions have been described primarily as immunostimulant, immunomodulatory, stress reducing, stimulating, enhancing work performance, radioprotective, anabolic and adaptogenic. The stimulant and tonic effects of eleuthero preparations are reputedly stronger and longer acting than ginseng (Panax ginseng) [4]. Eleutherosides are considered to be the compounds responsible for adaptogenic activity of this plant [6][7][8]. They cannot be assigned to a particular compound class such as ginsenosides but belong to different chemical groups such as lignans (eleutheroside E, syn. liriodendrin), phenylpropanoids (eleutheroside B, syn. syringin), sterols (eleutheroside A, syn. sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucoside) and coumarins. With regard to the activity of isolated constituents from eleuthero underground organs, the most active seem to be eleutheroside B and E [4,7,8].On its natural sites, eleuthero is endangered by over-harvesting, and this is exacerbated by its slow growth [9]. Other Eleutherococcus species are also mentioned as a source of raw materials (roots, root and stem bark) for medicinal purposes [9][10][11][12]. Most of them are used due to lack of products from E. senticosus [4,9]. The aim of undertaken study was to investigate chemical diversit...

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Section: S U M M a R Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: S U M M a R Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity of Eleutherococcus genus in respect of biologically active compounds accumulation

Bączek

2014

Herba Polonica

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“…Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng or Asian ginseng) is an important allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 48) perennial crop (Choi et al 2014;Jang et al 2017), highly priced for its ginsenoside, which is known to have a wide range of therapeutic effects (Court 2000;Park et al 2012). In addition, its sensitivity to light, slow growth (∼four years/generation) and low seed yield (∼40 seeds/plant) have contributed to its high price and a multi-billion USD market (Baeg and So 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Chromosome-Specific Microsatellite Repeats and Telomere Repeats Based on Low Coverage Whole Genome Sequence Reads in Panax ginseng

Waminal

Pellerin

Jang

et al. 2018

Plant Breed. Biotech.

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Repetitive DNA elements are ubiquitous in plant genomes. Although repeats provide relevant information for cytogenetic, evolutionary, and genomic studies, identifying and characterizing their sequence and chromosomal distribution are not always easily achieved through conventional methods. However, a high-throughput identification of genomic repeats can be obtained with short reads from next-generation sequencing data. Here, we identified the telomeric and two chromosome-specific repeats in Panax ginseng using low-coverage whole genome sequence data. The telomeric repeat sequence is same with the canonical angiosperm sequence, (TTTAGGG)n, and localized mostly in every chromosome termini, except for an additional interstitial location in chromosome 10. A dinucleotide (GA) microsatellite, PgGA15, with total genome representation (GR) of more than 33 kb localized in the long arm of chromosome 20. An 11-bp minisatellite, Pgms1, with more than 58 kb of GR localized in the long arm of chromosome 1. This study provides chromosome-specific markers for cytogenetic studies in P. ginseng.

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“…Their nomenclature is based on the designation of Rx and Fx, where R and F refer to the origin of ginsenosides, namely, roots and leaves ("folia") of the species, respectively, and x (x = 0, a1, a2, b1, etc.) denotes the order of ginsenosides eluted on thin-layer chromatograms starting with the most hydrophilic ones [14]. Among these compounds, G-Rh1 (▶ Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2018

Planta Med

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Supporting information available online at http://www.thieme-connect.de/products ABSTR AC TGinsenoside Rh1 is one of major bioactive compounds extracted from red ginseng, which has been increasingly used for enhancing cognition and physical health worldwide. The objective of this study was to review the pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rh1 in a systematic manner. We performed searches on eight electronic databases including MEDLINE (Pubmed), Scopus, Google Scholar, POPLINE, Global Health Library, Virtual Health Library, the System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe, and the New York Academy of Medicine Grey Literature Report to select the original research publications reporting the biological and pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rh1 from in vitro and in vivo studies regardless of publication language and study design. Upon applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included a total of 57 studies for our systemic review. Ginsenoside Rh1 exhibited the potent characteristics of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory effects, and positive effects on the nervous system. The cytotoxic effects of ginsenoside Rh1 were dependent on different types of cell lines. Other pharmacological effects including estrogenic, enzymatic, anti-microorganism activities, and cardiovascular effects have been mentioned, but the results were considerably diverged. A higher quality of evidence on clinical trial studies is highly recommended to confirm the consistent efficacy of ginsenoside Rh1.

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Ginseng, the Genus Panax

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

Diversity of Eleutherococcus genus in respect of biologically active compounds accumulation

Diversity of Eleutherococcus genus in respect of biologically active compounds accumulation

Characterization of Chromosome-Specific Microsatellite Repeats and Telomere Repeats Based on Low Coverage Whole Genome Sequence Reads in Panax ginseng

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