Ginseng: Pharmacological Action and Phytochemistry Prospective

Abstract

Ginseng, the root of Panax species is a well-known conventional and perennial herb belonging to Araliaceae of various countries China, Korea, and Japan that is also known as the king of all herbs and famous for many years worldwide. It is a short underground rhizome that is associated with the fleshy root. Pharmacognostic details of cultivation and collection with different morphological characters are discussed. Phytocontent present is saponins glycosides, carbohydrates, polyacetylenes, phytosterols, nitrogenous substances, amino acids, peptides, vitamins, volatile oil, minerals, and enzymes details are discussed. The main focusing of the bioactive constituent of ginseng is ginsenosides are triterpenoid saponin glycosides having multifunctional pharmacological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and many more will be discussed. Ginseng is helpful in the treatment of microbial infection, inflammation, oxidative stress, diabetes, and obesity. Nanoparticles and nanocomposite film technologies had developed in it as novel drug delivery for cancer, inflammation, and neurological disorder. Multifaceted ginseng will be crucial for future development. This chapter review pharmacological, phytochemical, and pharmacognostic studies of this plant.

Phytochemical Contain, Biological Properties and Toxicities of Herbals Used for Doping

“…The antifatigue properties of herbals are associated with secondary metabolites that they contain. Authors which have evaluated anti-fatigue potential of herbal, has sought to know and identified the different groups of phytochemicals metabolites (polyphenols, terpenoids, saponins and alkaloids, saponins glycosides, polyacetylenes, phytosterols) which could lead to improvement of athletic performance and reducing fatigue [9,84].…”

A Comprehensive Review on Possible Synergistic Therapeutic Effects and Comparison Between Phytochemical and Nutritional Profile of Medicago sativa and Panax ginseng

“…P. ginseng , commonly known as Asian ginseng, Chinese ginseng, or Korean ginseng, is also a perennial plant that belongs to the Araliaceae family (Ratan et al, 2021). P. ginseng is native to China, Korea, and Siberia and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine (Mehta et al, 2021). Ginseng is a very researched herb; there is a copious amount of data available in the Journal of Ginseng Research and other journals.…”

“…Ginsenosides are the main chemical constituent of P. ginseng and exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and even anticancer potential. Polysaccharides and flavonoids present in ginseng exhibit immunomodulating properties and may help to protect against oxidative stress (Kim, 2018; Mehta et al, 2021). In terms of its phytochemical and nutritional profile, P. ginseng is rich in vitamins and minerals like vitamins B 1 , B 2 , B 12 and calcium, iron, potassium, and so on (Kang & Kim, 2016; Kim et al, 2018; Lee, et al, 2019; Lee & Kim, 2014; Mehta et al, 2021).…”

“…P. ginseng , on the other hand, is a medicinal herb that is used for its health benefits. Here is the comparison between the nutritional profiles of these two plants based on the presence of macronutrients, vitamins, and minerals (Barnes et al, 2007; Boon & Smith, 2004; Khare, 2007; Mehta et al, 2021).…”

“…Additionally, it is also believed to strengthen the immune system, reduce stress, and improve overall vitality. The ginsenoside content of P. ginseng, which functions as a natural stimulant and supports numerous biological systems, is thought to be responsible for the herb's therapeutic properties (Lee et al, 2019;Mehta et al, 2021). M. sativa and P. ginseng are two examples of traditional medicine's profound wisdom, providing holistic solutions for optimal wellness.…”