Ginseng authenticity testing by measuring carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotope compositions that differ based on cultivation land and organic fertilizer type

Chung, Ill‐Min; Lee, Taek-Jun; Oh, Yong-Taek; Ghimire, Bimal Kumar; Jang, In-Bae; Kim, Seung‐Hyun

doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2016.03.004

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In this context, a previous study reported variations in δ 34 S values between ginseng roots cultivated in different types of soil (upland vs. paddy-converted field) using a range of organic fertilizers, with high δ 34 S values being reported for ginseng grown in upland areas using rice straw compost as fertilizer [42] . In our study, we found a slight positive correlation between the δ 34 S and δ 15 N values in ginseng roots ( r = 0.34, p < 0.001), whereas a slight negative correlation was observed for the δ 18 O values ( r = −0.30, p < 0.010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

C/N/O/S stable isotopic and chemometric analyses for determining the geographical origin of Panax ginseng cultivated in Korea

Chung

Kim

Lee

et al. 2018

Journal of Ginseng Research

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BackgroundThe geographical origin of Panax ginseng Meyer, a valuable medicinal plant, is important to both ginseng producers and consumers in the context of economic profit and human health benefits. We, therefore, aimed to discriminate between the cultivation regions of ginseng using the stable isotope ratios of C, N, O, and S, which are abundant bioelements in living organisms.MethodsSix Korean ginseng cultivars (3-yr-old roots) were collected from five different regions in Korea. The C, N, O, and S stable isotope ratios in ginseng roots were measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry, and then these isotope ratio profiles were statistically analyzed using chemometrics.ResultsThe various isotope ratios found in P. ginseng roots were significantly influenced by region, cultivar, and the interactions between these two factors (p ≤ 0.001). The variation in δ15N and δ13C in ginseng roots was significant for discriminating between different ginseng cultivation regions, and δ18O and δ34S were also affected by both altitude and proximity to coastal areas. Chemometric model results tested in this study provided discrimination between the majority of different cultivation regions. Based on the external validation, this chemometric model also showed good model performance (R2 = 0.853 and Q2 = 0.738).ConclusionOur case study elucidates the variation of C, N, O, and S stable isotope ratios in ginseng root depending on cultivation region. Hence, the analysis of stable isotope ratios is a suitable tool for discrimination between the regional origins of ginseng samples from Korea, with potential application to other countries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

C/N/O/S stable isotopic and chemometric analyses for determining the geographical origin of Panax ginseng cultivated in Korea

Chung

Kim

Lee

et al. 2018

Journal of Ginseng Research

Self Cite

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“…Promising methods, some of which are already being used routinely, relate to the detection of animal commodities, such as meat, dairy products, fish, and shellfish with regard to the detection of the geographical origin, the feeding method of the animals, the production method (organic vs conventional) or whether it is wildlife or breeding [155]. In addition, there are numerous examples of applications for plant-based foods, which mainly refer to the proof of geographical origin, the fertilizers used, and the botanical origin, for example for hops [156], ginseng [157], and tomatoes [158].…”

Section: Metallomics-and Isotoplomics-based Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food authentication in real life: How to link nontargeted approaches with routine analytics?

Creydt¹,

Fischer²

2020

Electrophoresis

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In times of increasing globalization and the resulting complexity of trade flows, securing food quality is an increasing challenge. The development of analytical methods for checking the integrity and, thus, the safety of food is one of the central questions for actors from science, politics, and industry. Targeted methods, for the detection of a few selected analytes, still play the most important role in routine analysis. In the past 5 years, nontargeted methods that do not aim at individual analytes but on analyte profiles that are as comprehensive as possible have increasingly come into focus. Instead of investigating individual chemical structures, data patterns are collected, evaluated and, depending on the problem, fed into databases that can be used for further nontargeted approaches. Alternatively, individual markers can be extracted and transferred to targeted methods. Such an approach requires (i) the availability of authentic reference material, (ii) the corresponding highresolution laboratory infrastructure, and (iii) extensive expertise in processing and storing very large amounts of data. Probably due to the requirements mentioned above, only a few methods have really established themselves in routine analysis. This review article focuses on the establishment of nontargeted methods in routine laboratories. Challenges are summarized and possible solutions are presented.

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“…In addition, sulfur is used for fertilizing and arises in other anthropogenic processes such as burns. However, the isotopes of sulfur can be subject to different discrimination and seasonal effects in plants and animals, which must be taken into account accordingly .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omics approaches for food authentication

Creydt¹,

Fischer²

2018

Electrophoresis

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The development of analytical strategies to fight against food fraud is currently one of the most developing fields in food science as the food value chain becomes increasingly complex and global. Food can be certified by clear labeling but also by objective analytical methods. As shown recently by several groups, the omics technologies such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and isotopolomics are suitable to prove the geographical origin, the production or cultivation process, and the biological and the overall chemical identity of food. This article describes different analytical approaches beginning with non-targeted strategies as well as the further developmental stages of transferring the methods to routine laboratories.

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Ginseng authenticity testing by measuring carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotope compositions that differ based on cultivation land and organic fertilizer type

Cited by 30 publications

References 28 publications

C/N/O/S stable isotopic and chemometric analyses for determining the geographical origin of Panax ginseng cultivated in Korea

C/N/O/S stable isotopic and chemometric analyses for determining the geographical origin of Panax ginseng cultivated in Korea

Food authentication in real life: How to link nontargeted approaches with routine analytics?

Omics approaches for food authentication

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