Ginseng and Vaginal Bleeding

Greenspan, Ezra M.

doi:10.1001/jama.1983.03330390026012

Cited by 78 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…In rats fed P. ginseng for 3 weeks, platelet aggregation was found to be impaired, as measured by thrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time (34). Moreover, in a 72-year-old woman, vaginal bleeding was observed to occur after ingestion of a tablet containing ginseng (35). Uterine bleeding was also reported in a 44-year-old woman after applying a ginseng-containing cream to her face (36).…”

Section: Interactions With Antiplatelet Herbsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Herbal medication: potential for adverse interactions with analgesic drugs

2002

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The use of herbal supplements in the US has increased dramatically in recent years. These products are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with the same scrutiny as conventional drugs. Patients who use herbal supplements often do so in conjunction with conventional drugs. This article is a review of potential adverse interactions between some of the commonly used herbal supplements and analgesic drugs. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), particularly aspirin, have the potential to interact with herbal supplements that are known to possess antiplatelet activity (ginkgo, garlic, ginger, bilberry, dong quai, feverfew, ginseng, turmeric, meadowsweet and willow), with those containing coumarin (chamomile, motherworth, horse chestnut, fenugreek and red clover) and with tamarind, enhancing the risk of bleeding. Acetaminophen may also interact with ginkgo and possibly with at least some of the above herbs to increase the risk of bleeding. Further, the incidences of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity may be augmented by acetaminophen when concomitantly used with the potentially hepatotoxic herbs Echinacea and kava, and with herbs containing salicylate (willow, meadowsweet), respectively. The concomitant use of opioid analgesics with the sedative herbal supplements, valerian, kava and chamomile, may lead to increased central nervous system (CNS) depression. The analgesic effect of opioids may also be inhibited by ginseng. It is suggested that health-care professionals should be more aware of the potential adverse interactions between herbal supplements and analgesic drugs, and take appropriate precautionary measures to avoid their possible occurrences. However, as most of the interaction information available is based on individual case reports, animal studies and in vitro data, further research is needed to confirm and assess the clinical significance of these potential interactions.

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Section: Interactions With Antiplatelet Herbsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Herbal medication: potential for adverse interactions with analgesic drugs

2002

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“…In clinical studies of oligospermic patients, ginseng was able to increase spermatozoa motility and number [22], perhaps by modulating nitric oxide (NO) formation [23]. Numerous reports of estrogen-like activity in men and women after ginseng use have been published, but data supporting the mechanism are unclear [24], [25], [26], [27]. Clinical studies on oligospermic patients suggested that ginseng increased sperm motility and number [22], [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Panax ginseng, zearalenol, and estradiol on sperm function

Gray

Lackey

Boone

2016

Journal of Ginseng Research

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BackgroundEstrogen signaling pathways are modulated by exogenous factors. Panax ginseng exerts multiple activities in biological systems and is classified as an adaptogen. Zearalenol is a potent mycoestrogen that may be present in herbs and crops arising from contamination or endophytic association. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of P. ginseng, zearalenol and estradiol in tests on spermatozoal function.MethodsThe affinity of these compounds for estrogen receptor (ER)—alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ)—was assessed in receptor binding assays. Functional tests on boar spermatozoa motility, movement and kinematic parameters were conducted using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer. Tests for capacitation, acrosome reaction (AR), and chromatin decondensation in spermatozoa were performed using microscopic analysis.ResultsZearalenol—but not estradiol (E2)- or ginseng-treated spermatozoa—decreased the percentage of overall, progressive, and rapid motile cells. Zearalenol also decreased spontaneous AR and increased chromatin decondensation. Ginseng decreased chromatin decondensation in response to calcium ionophore and decreased AR in response to progesterone (P4) and ionophore.ConclusionZearalenol has adverse effects on sperm motility and function by targeting multiple signaling cascades, including P4, E2, and calcium pathways. Ginseng protects against chromatin damage and thus may be beneficial to reproductive fitness.

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“…The clinical scientific evidence for this risk is weak, consisting primarily of a handful of anecdotal reports of catastrophic bleeding in herbal users. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] However, several herbal extracts have been identified experimentally to possess antiplatelet activity in vitro. 7,14,15,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether standard commercial preparations of commonly used herbal medicines have an effect on platelet function in vivo and, by extension, to provide clinical scientific evidence of their safety when used in the perioperative period.…”

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confidence: 99%