Ginseng and obesity: observations and understanding in cultured cells, animals and humans

Zhang, Longyun; Virgous, Carlos; Si, Hongwei

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.11.010

Cited by 54 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…in the present study, the GS treatment reduced the body weight gain induced by HFd and food intake was markedly reduced, indicating that the effect was caused by a reduction in calorie intake (21). The results also revealed that the treatment lowered blood glucose, serum aST, serum alT, serum TG and liver TG contents and increased the fecal excretion of TG in the mice fed a HFd, suggesting that GS effectively lower HFd-induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia (57).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Ginsenosides reduce body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in high fat diet‑induced obese mice via endoplasmic reticulum stress and p‑STAT3/STAT3 signaling

Yao

2020

Mol Med Report

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obesity has been increasing globally for over three decades. according to previous studies, dietary obesity is usually associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (erS) and STaT3 signaling, which result in interference with the homeostatic control of energy and lipid metabolism. Ginsenosides (GS) administered to mice will modulate adiposity and food intake; however, the mechanism of food inhibition is unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether GS may inhibit erS and regulate STaT3 phosphorylation in GT1-7 cells (a mouse hypothalamus gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron cell line) and the hypothalamus in order to reduce the body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in high fat diet (HFd)-induced obese mice. in the present study, GS inhibited the appetite, reduced the body weight, visceral fat, body fat content and blood glucose, and ameliorated the glucose tolerance of the obese mice compared with HFd mice. in addition, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride (TG), leptin and insulin in the serum were reduced compared with HFd mice. There was less TG in the liver, but more in the feces compared with HFd mice. using hematoxylin and eosin staining of HepG2 cells and liver tissues, GS were demonstrated to improve the non-alcoholic fatty liver of the HFd-induced obese mice and reduce the diameter of the fat cells compared with HFd mice. GS also increased oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in the metabolic cage data compared with HFd mice. in the GT1-7 cells, GS alleviated the erS induced by tunicamycin and enhanced the activation of the STaT3 phosphorylation pathway. Furthermore the erS of the liver was relieved to achieve the aforementioned pharmacological effects. GS were used in the homeostatic control of the energy and lipid metabolism of a diet-induced obesity model. in conclusion, present studies suggest that GS exert these effects by increasing STaT3 phosphorylation expression and reducing the erS. Thus, GS reduce body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in HFd-induced obese mice.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Ginsenosides reduce body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in high fat diet‑induced obese mice via endoplasmic reticulum stress and p‑STAT3/STAT3 signaling

Yao

2020

Mol Med Report

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“…Excessive energy intake results in the fat storage processes of hypertrophy and hyperplasia, which are controlled by PPAR-γ [23]. The expression of PPAR-γ was decreased by 50% in the MID group compared with the HFD group (p = 0.15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Anti-Obesity Effects of a Mixture of Fermented Ginseng, Bifidobacterium longum BORI, and Lactobacillus paracasei CH88 in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice

Kang¹,

Li²,

Ji³

2018

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

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Ginseng and probiotics have anti-obesity effects in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Absorption of ginsenoside and colonization of probiotics occur in the intestine. In this study, a mixture of fermented ginseng and two probiotics, BORI and CH88, was administered to HFD-fed mice for 9 weeks. The mixture significantly suppressed weight gain ( < 0.05, = 8) and lipid deposition in the liver and adipose tissues as well as increased the mice's food intake. The adipocyte size of the adipose tissue was significantly decreased in the mixture-fed group, especially when 0.5% fermented ginseng and 5 × 10⁸/ml of the two probiotics were used ( < 0.05, = 10). The expression of TNF-α in adipose tissue was efficiently downregulated in the mixture-fed group ( < 0.05, = 4). The supplement also improved the mice's fasting blood glucose levels ( < 0.05, = 8) and total cholesterol feces excretion ( < 0.05, = 8). The mixture of fermented ginseng and BORI and CH88 could have an anti-obesity effect and suppress lipid deposit in the liver and adipose tissues.

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“…As an in vitro model to study this process 3T3-L1 murine pre-adipocytes cells are frequently used. Adipogenesis involves various stages and is regulated by several transcriptional factors, cell-cycle protein-regulated genes' expression, lipogenesis-related genes (Tung et al, 2017), adipogenesis-related enzymes, C/EBPs, PPARs, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC; Chaiittianan et al, 2017;Martel et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Traditional Medicinal Plants As Powerful Source Of Novel Antmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes and solutions to “globesity”: The new fa(s)t alarming global epidemic

Vasileva

Marchev

Georgiev

2018

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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Diverse groups of factors are leading to increased weight gain and obesity, such as certain genetic phenotypes, neuroendocrine disturbances, the administration of some drugs, behavioral, social and environmental factors. The progressively escalating rates of overweight and obesity worldwide have led to an introduction of a new term "globesity". Excessive accumulation of body fat and especially of visceral adipose tissue is the main predisposing factor for the development of metabolic syndrome and other obesity related co-morbidities. At the present moment only few pharmacotherapeuticals are used for long-term treatment of obesity acting on narrow target spectra, e.g. pancreatic and gastric lipase inhibition, acting as adrenomimetics or activating the satiety centers in hypothalamus. Plant-based medications that accelerate weight loss, proved to be safe, effective and widely available, would be a preferable alternative for anti-obesity treatments. As plant extracts are multi-component systems they could also act by more than one mechanism, including decreased lipid absorption, decreased energy intake, increased energy expenditure, decreased pre-adipocyte differentiation and proliferation, decreased lipogenesis and increased lipolysis. The current review gives a summary of the risk factors for obesity development and its characteristics consequences. Current treatment options, combining lifestyle changes and conventional treatment with commercial anti-obesity drugs have been described as well. Special emphasis on in vitro, in vivo and human studies, of potential medicinal plant extracts and phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, able to modulate the molecular pathways and gene/protein expressions related to obesity, have been highlighted.

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Ginseng and obesity: observations and understanding in cultured cells, animals and humans

Cited by 54 publications

References 152 publications

Ginsenosides reduce body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in high fat diet‑induced obese mice via endoplasmic reticulum stress and p‑STAT3/STAT3 signaling

Ginsenosides reduce body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in high fat diet‑induced obese mice via endoplasmic reticulum stress and p‑STAT3/STAT3 signaling

Anti-Obesity Effects of a Mixture of Fermented Ginseng, Bifidobacterium longum BORI, and Lactobacillus paracasei CH88 in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice

Causes and solutions to “globesity”: The new fa(s)t alarming global epidemic

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