Ginkgo Biloba L. Extract Reduces H2O2-Induced Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cytotoxicity by Regulating Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Signaling Pathways and Oxidative Stress

Abstract

BackgroundThe oxidative stress environment of pathological tissue has an adverse effect on the survival of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation. Ginkgo biloba L. extract (EGB) has a potent antioxidant effect. In this research, we assessed the protective effects of EGB and EGB-Containing Serum (EGB CS) on BMSCs against injury induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).Material/MethodsBMSCs were pretreated with EGB or EGB CS and treated with H2O2. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method was utilized to detect cell viability. The DCFH-DA Fluorescent Kit method was used to detect intracellular ROS level. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and (CAT) were determined. The Hoechst staining assay and qRT-PCR assay were utilized to evaluate the effect of EGB on cell apoptosis. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway were detected by western blot analysis.ResultsCompared to the H2O2 group, the number of apoptotic cells in the EGB and EGB CS pretreated groups significantly decreased. The mRNA expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was also decreased. EGB and EGB CS can reduce the production of ROS in BMSCs exposed to H2O2. SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were significantly higher compared with those with H2O2 group. Furthermore, EGB or EGB CS pretreatment decreased the protein levels of p-p38MAPK and p-JNK in BMSCs compared to the H2O2 group.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that EGB and EGB CS have protective effect on BMSCs against oxidative stress injury and increase the survival rate of BMSCs transplantation by regulating p38MAPK and JNK signaling.

Effects of Ginkgo biloba on Diseases Related to Oxidative Stress

“…It also reduces ROS and RNS, hydroxyl radicals (OH), peroxyl radicals (ROO), anion superoxide radical (O2−), nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide radical (H 2 O 2 ). It positively regulates the expression of RNAm of antioxidant enzymes, such as mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) [10,13,21,22]. ▶ Fig.…”

Activation of heme oxygenase-1 by Ginkgo biloba extract differentially modulates endothelial and smooth muscle-like progenitor cells for vascular repair

“…Recently, GBE was shown to inhibit the expression of inflammatory markers such as high sensitive C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 in patients with metabolic syndrome 51 . Furthermore, GBE was shown to have protective effects on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells against oxidative stress injury by regulating p38MAPK and JNK signaling 52 . It is not known if the above clinical and in vitro effects of GBE could be related to the HO-1 mechanisms.…”

Ginkgo biloba delays light‑induced photoreceptor degeneration through antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties

“…This suppresses Bcl2, induces apoptosis via the Bax/Bcl2 and caspase-mediated signaling pathways, and leads to retinal degeneration (25,26). As discussed in previous studies, pretreatment with EGb-761 decreases cell death via the Bax/Bcl2 signaling pathway and exerts a protective effect against apoptosis that delays photoreceptor degeneration (27,28). However, the protective effect of EGb-761 on light-induced photoreceptor degeneration and the associated mechanism of action are not fully understood.…”