Gingivitis

Niemiec, Brook A.

doi:10.1002/9781118705018.ch4

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Periodontal disease is the most common disease in dogs over 3 years of age, with a reported prevalence ranging between 80 and 89% [1][2][3][4][5]. Despite the high prevalence, the disease is considered to be severely under-diagnosed and therefore undertreated in many dogs [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental home care in dogs - a questionnaire study among Swedish dog owners, veterinarians and veterinary nurses

et al. 2020

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Background: Periodontal disease remains one of the dog's most common health issues, even though it is largely preventable by tooth brushing. Implementation of daily tooth brushing would not only improve animal welfare, but also reduce veterinary costs for the owner. There is a paucity of studies investigating attitudes, opinions and practices of dog owners, veterinarians, and veterinary nurses regarding preventative dental home care in dogs. The objective of this study was to investigate these parameters in Sweden, thereby providing a basis for improved prophylactic strategies. Methods: Validated questionnaire surveys were distributed to all Swedish dog owners (n = 209,263), veterinarians (n = 3657) and veterinary nurses (n = 1650) with e-mail addresses in the national registry. The response rates were 32% for dog owners and veterinarians, and 38% for veterinary nurses. The survey questions concerned attitudes, opinions and practices regarding dental home care, including whether dog owners received information concerning dental home care or not, and if this information resulted in implementation. Results: Attitudes, opinions and practices regarding dental home care are presented for Swedish dog owners, veterinarians, and veterinary nurses. A fundamental finding was that the absolute majority of Swedish dog owners do not perform adequate prophylactic dental home care. Considerable discrepancies were identified in the opinions of veterinary health practitioners and dog owners regarding attitudes towards dental home care and conveying of information. Several areas for improvement in the communication between dog owners and veterinary health practitioners concerning dental home care were identified. Conclusion: Our results illustrates the need for validated methods to increase dog owner compliance with dental home care recommendations. We also see a need of further education, regarding canine dental home care, among veterinarians, veterinary nurses, and dog owners. The results from this unique study constitute an important foundation for future development of prophylactic strategies, with the ultimate goal to improve dental health, and thereby animal welfare, in dogs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental home care in dogs - a questionnaire study among Swedish dog owners, veterinarians and veterinary nurses

et al. 2020

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“…Periodontal disease, gingivitis and periodontitis, is a common affliction in dogs as well as in humans [ 1 ]. Accumulation of bacterial plaque on the tooth surface is believed to play a part in the initiation of periodontal disease, and as it develops, a shift occurs in the bacterial flora from being predominantly aerobic to predominately anaerobic [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The occurrence of Treponema spp. in gingival plaque from dogs with varying degree of periodontal disease

et al. 2018

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Periodontal disease is common in dogs and is initiated by gingival plaque composed of several hundred bacterial species. Some of these species have specifically been pointed out as potential periodontal pathogens, such as Treponema spp. Treponema spp. are difficult to culture and therefore the majority have been detected by culture-independent methods, such as PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). This leaves many Treponema spp. uncharacterized and unnamed. In this study, treponemes were investigated in gingival plaque from dogs with varying degree of periodontal disease with the aim to describe their occurrence and diversity in dogs. The methods used were culture, phase-contrast microscopy, PCR targeting the 16SrRNA-tRNAIle intergenic spacer region (ISR2), sequencing of the ISR2 and phylogenetic analysis. Treponema spp. were detected in samples from 10 out of 11 dogs and isolates were obtained from six dogs. Both healthy and periodontitis affected dogs were Treponema positive. Phylogenetic analysis, based on ISR2 sequences, revealed a large diversity of treponemes in the study population that were found to be distributed mainly in two groups, corresponding to the human oral treponeme phylogroups II (Treponema denticola) and IV (Treponema maltophilum) genetic groups. They were generally more distantly related to other treponemes in these groups. Treponemes from dogs with periodontitis and dogs with mild gingivitis without periodontitis did not differ in any obvious way. The results indicate that several phylotypes of oral treponemes are common in dogs regardless of periodontal status.

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“…Cox et al ( 9 ) described that leukocyte infiltration is a physiological aspect of the equine gingiva mainly in the superficial lamina propria of the free gingiva, while the deep lamina propria contained mild perivascular infiltrations of lymphocytes and plasma cells. In humans, risk factors for severe forms of periodontal disease with LI in LP and even PDL are diseases that influence immune function (e.g., diabetes mellitus, HIV, cushing's syndrome) or lead to exaggerated immune responses ( 21 , 34 , 51 , 52 ). In our study, the higher presence of multifocal to coalescing LI in the PPID group could show the onset of immune dysregulation within the LP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal structures in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: A histological evaluation

Zapf

Fey²,

Büttner³

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionPituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) and dental disorders are of major concern in horses older than 15 years. Although PPID in geriatric horses and dental disorders in all age groups are well described, a connection between this endocrine disease and pathological changes in equine dental structures has not yet been investigated. In humans, periodontitis is considered to be a complication of systemic diseases like diabetes mellitus type 2, obesity and various conditions leading to an impaired immune response. In PPID, cross links to insulin and immune dysregulations are proven. The aim of this study was to compare histological findings of the gingiva and the sub gingival periodontal ligament of PPID affected horses with control horses.MethodsIn a case-control morphometric descriptive study, 145 dental locations of 10 PPID affected horses (27.3 ± 2.06 years) were compared with 147 dental locations of 10 controls (21.4 ± 4.12 years). Histological parameters were leukocyte infiltration, keratinization of gingival epithelium, blood vessel supply of the periodontium and structure of cementum.ResultsThe distribution and localization of gingival leukocyte infiltrations (LI) in PPID affected horses was more often multifocal to coalescing (p = 0.002) and reached into deeper parts of the periodontium, sometimes down to the sub gingival periodontal ligament (PDL). Aged animals of both groups showed higher prevalence (PPID: OR 1.66; controls: OR 1.15) for severe leukocyte infiltration in the PDL. PPID was not significantly associated with increased LI. The cementum bordering the soft tissue in interdental locations showed four times more irregularities in PPID affected horses than in controls which predisposes for interdental food impaction and periodontal diseases.DiscussionIn summary, multifocal to coalescing leukocytes and irregular cementum are seen more often in PPID than in controls - however our findings mainly reflect an association of older age with periodontal disease.

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Gingivitis

Cited by 6 publications

References 53 publications

Dental home care in dogs - a questionnaire study among Swedish dog owners, veterinarians and veterinary nurses

Dental home care in dogs - a questionnaire study among Swedish dog owners, veterinarians and veterinary nurses

The occurrence of Treponema spp. in gingival plaque from dogs with varying degree of periodontal disease

Periodontal structures in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: A histological evaluation

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