Gingival shade guides: Colorimetric and spectral modeling

Ghinea, Razvan; Herrera, José Benavente; Pérez, María M.; Ionescu, Ana María; Paravina, Rade D.

doi:10.1111/jerd.12376

Cited by 16 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The main difference between the spectrophotometer and the spectroradiometer is that the former has a stable light source 404849. Nevertheless, recent studies used the color coordinates published by Ho et al,50 who measured a single area of keratinized gingiva (ie, the upper central incisors) in order to collect the color coordinates on which they based their calculations and used spectroradiometry 32047. The exact location of this single data collection point on the keratinized gingiva is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2) with color differences perceptible to the human eye in all pairs. In 2018, Ghinea et al3 used a mathematical methodology that differed from that described above in order to design models of gingival shade guides that represent the keratinized human gingiva 50. The method was based on the FCM algorithm and nonlinear optimization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method was based on the FCM algorithm and nonlinear optimization. The authors calculated the coverage errors for the CIEDE2000 formula −ΔE' COV = 2.1 for a solution with 6 clusters ΔE' COV =2.8 for a solution with 3 clusters-and also for the CIELab formula-ΔE * COV =3.1 for a solution with 6 clusters and ΔE * COV =3.9 for a solution with 3 clusters 3. The coverage errors in the present study are slightly higher than those described above, despite being calculated with 8 clusters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the rehabilitation of large bone and gingival defects,12 it is necessary to have a color guide that covers the spectrum of natural gingiva, allowing the correct color to be selected for each individual patient 3. The demand for aesthetics is becoming greater, especially with respect to the premaxilla and in patients with broad smiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, it is possible to calculate the difference between 2 colors in a quantitative way using the Euclidian formula ΔE * = [(ΔL * )2 + (Δa * )2 + (Δb * )2] 1/2 17 and the CIEDE2000 formula. CIEDE2000 has been extensively used in gingival color research181920 and has been shown to correlate better with visual assessments 318202122…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proposal for a gingival shade guide based on in vivo spectrophotometric measurements

2019

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PURPOSEThe purpose of this study was to propose and assess a shade guide for pink gingival aesthetics using a Spanish population sample.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe L*, C*, h, a* and b* coordinates of 259 participants were measured using a spectrophotometer in 3 standardized points along the attached gingiva of the maxillary central incisors. A hierarchical clustering analysis was applied to obtain separate solutions regarding the number of shade tabs. For each of the solutions obtained, color differences (ΔE*) were calculated using the CIELab and CIEDE2000 formulas, and the proposed shade guide was selected considering (1) the color differences between tabs and (2) the coverage error of each of the solutions.RESULTSThe proposed shade guide consisted of 8 gingival shade tabs and achieved CIELab and CIEDE2000 coverage errors of less than the respective 50:50% acceptability thresholds (ΔE*=4.6 units and ΔE00=4.1). The coordinates for the various gingival shade tabs were as follows: Tab 1: L*43.3, a*21.9, b*12.3 (1.6); Tab 2: L*42.9, a*34.1, b*19.1; Tab 3: L*46.5, a*25.8, b*10.9; Tab 4: L*46.5, a*27.3, b*15.1; Tab 5: L*49.6, a*23.5, b*16.8; Tab 6: L*51.5, a*19.7, b*13.6; Tab 7: L*55.9, a*22.0, b* 15.0; and Tab 8: L*56.0, a*19.9, b*18.8.CONCLUSIONThe CIELab and CIEDE2000 coverage errors for the 8 shade tabs of the proposed gingival shade guide were significantly lower than those of other guides. Therefore, despite the limitations of this study, the proposed guide is more appropriate for matching gingival shade in the Spanish general population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proposal for a gingival shade guide based on in vivo spectrophotometric measurements

2019

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Assessment of coverage error for two common commercial dental shade guides using a spectrophotometric method

Tabatabaian

Khezri

Ourang

et al. 2021

Color Research & Application

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The purpose of this study was to assess the coverage error and the coverage error percentage for two common commercial dental shade guides named VITA classical A1‐D4 shade guide and VITA Toothguide 3D‐MASTER. Totally, 197 dental students with intact maxillary anterior teeth were randomly selected to participate in the study. CIELAB values of the teeth were measured with a spectrophotometer. The teeth matched shades were selected by using the spectrophotometer. ∆E00 and ∆E*ab color differences between the matched shades and the teeth shades were calculated. The mean ∆E00 and ∆E*ab values represented the coverage errors for the shade guides. The coverage error values were compared with the thresholds for perceptibility and acceptability using 1‐sample t test (α = 0.05). To calculate the coverage error percentages for the shade guides, a color matching error for the shade guides was considered when the color difference value was greater than the thresholds. For VITA classical shade guide, the coverage error was 3.0 ± 1.2 (∆E00) and 3.3 ± 1.3(∆E*ab) while the coverage error percentages ranged between 63.6% and 99.4%. For VITA 3D‐MASTER guide, the coverage error was 2.5 ± 1.3 (∆E00) and 2.9 ± 1.5 (∆E*ab) while the coverage error percentages ranged between 44.5% and 96.9%. Overall, the teeth were more reddish than their matched shades of the shade guides. Using these shade guides may cause inaccurate shade determination in the population studied due to their high coverage error and coverage error percentage values.

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The reproducibility of electronic color measurements of the marginal gingiva

et al. 2020

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Introduction This study evaluated the reproducibility of electronic color determination system evaluations of the marginal gingiva, which could be important for adhesive cervical fillings or prosthetic restorations that imitate the gingiva. Material and methods In 50 subjects, the L*, a*, and b* color coordinates were evaluated five times at a point in the marginal area of a central incisor using different electronic color determination systems: (SP) Shadepilot, (ES) Easyshade, (CE) Crystaleye, and (SV) X-Rite. The mean color difference (ΔE) and its standard deviation between the five measurements from each participant were calculated separately for each device. Further ICC for interdevice reliability was determined. Results The L*, a*, and b* color coordinates and ΔE values differed significantly among the systems (p < 0.001). Within each patient and measurement system, ΔE ranged from 1.4 to 3.2 (SD 1.1–2.5), L* from 2.6 to 5.7 (SD 2.6–5.7), a* from 11.9 to 21.3 (SD 3.6–3.9), and b* from 15.1 to 28.9 (SD 1.7–4.3). Interdevice reliability ranged between 0.675 and 0.807. Conclusions Color determination of the marginal gingiva using the electronic tooth color determination systems tested herein showed limited reproducibility. The results obtained with the different measurement systems differed enormously. Clinical relevance These results show that the electronic color measurement devices tested allow no high reproducible determination of color coordinates of the marginal gingiva.

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Gingival shade guides: Colorimetric and spectral modeling

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Proposal for a gingival shade guide based on in vivo spectrophotometric measurements

Proposal for a gingival shade guide based on in vivo spectrophotometric measurements

Assessment of coverage error for two common commercial dental shade guides using a spectrophotometric method

The reproducibility of electronic color measurements of the marginal gingiva

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