Gingival displacement in prosthodontics: A critical review of existing methods

Prasad, Krishna; Hegde, Chethan; Agrawal, Gaurav B; Shetty, Manoj

doi:10.4103/2229-5194.85023

Cited by 26 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, it is pertinent to consider the difficulty in the elimination of residues of aluminum chloride from specimens. 24,25 The two washing techniques tested showed a variation in Expasyl remnants decontamination from specimens in favor of diluted H 2 O 2 over water alone. Hydrogen peroxide, being a strong disinfectant, exhibits oxidizing and reducing properties that might dissolve the organic oily constituents, clean the residues of aluminum chloride, and reduce the surface tension of surfaces to be impressed; however, the exact mechanism is not yet recognized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Expasyl contains aluminum chloride that acts as astringent by precipitation of tissue proteins and to a lesser extent through vasoconstriction . This agent proved more effective in keeping the sulcus open after clinicians removed the cord (10% to 20% of original opening 8 minutes after the cord is removed) than are epinephrine‐medicated cords (50% closure of sulcus observed over a similar duration) . However, it possesses a vital shortcoming of inhibiting the polymerization of PVS and polyether impression materials .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it is pertinent to consider the difficulty in the elimination of residues of aluminum chloride from specimens . The two washing techniques tested showed a variation in Expasyl remnants decontamination from specimens in favor of diluted H 2 O 2 over water alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 This agent proved more effective in keeping the sulcus open after clinicians removed the cord (10% to 20% of original opening 8 minutes after the cord is removed) than are epinephrinemedicated cords (50% closure of sulcus observed over a similar duration). 24 However, it possesses a vital shortcoming of inhibiting the polymerization of PVS and polyether impression materials. 9,25 In this study, most inhibitions were mild for Virtual and Impregum materials (80% and 75%, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Gingival Retraction Paste and Subsequent Cleaning with Hydrogen Peroxide on the Polymerization of Three Elastomeric Impression Materials: An In Vitro Study

Abduljabbar

Amri

Rifaiy

et al. 2017

Journal of Prosthodontics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of Gingival Retraction Paste and Subsequent Cleaning with Hydrogen Peroxide on the Polymerization of Three Elastomeric Impression Materials: An In Vitro Study

Abduljabbar

Amri

Rifaiy

et al. 2017

Journal of Prosthodontics

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“…Aluminum chloride in Expasyl acts as astringent by precipitation of tissue proteins and to a lesser extent through vasoconstriction . This agent has proved to be more effective in keeping the sulcus open after removal (10% to 20% of original opening 8 minutes after the cord is removed) as compared to epinephrine‐medicated cords (50% closure of sulcus observed over a similar duration) . In this study, Expasyl showed the least cytotoxicity with WST‐1 assay that reached 93.1% viability at 2 minutes until a maximum of 97.4% viability after 24 hours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

The Direct Cytotoxic Effects of Different Hemostatic Agents on Human Gingival Fibroblasts

Labban

Al-Otaibi

Mokeem

et al. 2018

Journal of Prosthodontics

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To cord or not to cord? That is still a question

Veitz‐Keenan

Keenan

2017

Evid Based Dent

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Data sourcesA broad computerised search with similar key terms was performed in different databases that included: Ovid Medline, Thomson's ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Grey literature, dissertations, abstracts and theses were searched too. Reference lists of the selected articles were hand-searched.Study selectionThe inclusion criteria included in vivo randomised clinical trials and quasi-randomised clinical trials using gingival retraction techniques with and without cord. Studies were included if they examined the primary outcome from the review: efficiency of haemostasis control, the amount of gingival displacement and the influence of the techniques on gingival/periodontal health. Secondary outcomes accepted for the review included subjective factors reported by the patient such as pain, sensitivity, unpleasant taste and discomfort and operator's experience with both techniques. Non-English papers, clinical reports, animals studies or in vitro studies were excluded.Data extraction and synthesisTwo authors independently searched and screened the articles. Disagreements were resolved by discussion. A third reviewer participated in the eligibility of the studies. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Due to the heterogeneity of measurement variables across the studies and the differences among the studies, a meta-analysis was not performed. A narrative assessment was performed for the outcomes: moisture/bleeding control, gingival displacement, gingival/periodontal health and the subjective outcomes.ResultsFrom the initial search that retrieved 1,342 articles, 19 potential relevant full-text articles were considered for the review. Seven studies were selected for the systematic review. Four randomised clinical trials were included. Sample size ranged from eight to 252 participants per study. Five studies were conducted on patients requiring any indirect fixed restorations on prepared teeth. Two studies were done on unprepared teeth. In all studies, participants were in good health, had a healthy gingival condition and a sound periodontal status.ConclusionsBoth techniques are reliable in achieving gingival retraction. The review supports the observation that gingival retraction paste can more effectively help to achieve a dry field and at the same time be less injurious to soft tissues, however its ability to displace gingival tissues, compared to retraction cord, was compromising. Rather than considering the cost of material or the individual preference of the operator, choosing the right technique to maximise clinical efficiency should be based on scientific evidence. It seems that impregnated gingival cords are more effective on thick gingival tissue whereas paste is more effective when minimal retraction is required for haemostasis control, preservation of the gingiva and less tissue displacement.

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Gingival displacement in prosthodontics: A critical review of existing methods

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Gingival Retraction Paste and Subsequent Cleaning with Hydrogen Peroxide on the Polymerization of Three Elastomeric Impression Materials: An In Vitro Study

Effects of Gingival Retraction Paste and Subsequent Cleaning with Hydrogen Peroxide on the Polymerization of Three Elastomeric Impression Materials: An In Vitro Study

The Direct Cytotoxic Effects of Different Hemostatic Agents on Human Gingival Fibroblasts

To cord or not to cord? That is still a question

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