Gingival crevicular interleukin‐1 and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist levels in periodontally healthy and diseased sites

Abstract

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) molecules, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta are cytokines involved in the acute-phase response against infection and in the pathogenesis of periodontal destruction. Administration of exogenous IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) is effective in reducing the inflammatory reactions mediated by IL-1. However, the relationship between these three naturally occurring IL-1 molecules and periodontal diseases has been poorly characterized. We investigated the correlation of gingival crevicular IL-1 molecules and the clinical status of patients with different severities of periodontitis. IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-1ra and the total IL-1/IL-1ra ratio (IL-1 activity index; IL-1AI) were measured in 75 gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples from non-inflamed gingiva sites in 2 healthy subjects and diseased sites in 7 patients with several types of periodontitis. IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-1ra were measured by specific non-cross-reactive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The probing depth, gingival index and alveolar bone loss of each site was recorded at the time of GCF sampling. The total amount of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and the IL-1AI, but not total IL-1ra, were found to be correlated with alveolar bone loss score. Three IL-1 molecules were also measured in the gingival tissue of patients with periodontitis. A similar progressive decrease of the IL-1AI was detected in gingival tissue with periodontitis. These results suggest that the amounts of both crevicular IL-1 and IL-1AI are closely associated with periodontal disease severity.

Oral hygiene in children with epilepsy: Effect of interleukin-1β and VEGF levels in gingival crevicular fluid

“…IL-1β is one of the most important inflammatory cytokines in the oral cavity and plays a major role in gingivitis and periodontitis, 15 while VEGF is one of the primary mediators of neovascularization in chronic inflammation, including periodontal disease and wound repair, 25 and plays a major role in periodontal diseases to increase vascularization and permeability and help the passage of inflammatory cells, and it may be considered as a sign of the severity of periodontitis. 8,18,19 There are various bacterial species embedded in a matrix of bacterial products and host-derived factors in dental biofilm or dental plaque.…”

“…26 Studies show that plaque increases crevicular IL-1β and VEGF. 14,15 Pathogenic bacteria in subgingival plaque cause a subepithelial infiltration by inflammatory cells, which produce and release IL-1β, thus an IL-1β concentration in GCF increases in periodontal tissue with gingivitis or periodontitis. 15 VEGF is increased by gingival fibroblasts in response to vesicle and outer membrane protein from periodontopathic bacteria.…”

“…IL-1β levels in periodontal tissues and GCF have been closely associated with periodontal disease severity and it has been found that they significantly increase in diseased sites, compared to healthy sites. 15 A vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), 45-kDa homodimeric glycoprotein, is an angiogenesis and vascular permeability factor that increases microvascular permeability, stimulates endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, and induces proteolytic enzyme expression and the migration of ECs, monocytes and osteoblasts, all of which are essential for angiogenesis. 16 An increase in VEGF in GCF affects the periodontal vasculature profoundly during periodontal disease progression.…”

“…In some studies, poor oral hygiene, gingivitis, periodontitis or a gingival injury increases IL-1β and VEGF values in GCF. [13][14][15] IL-1β has an important role in regulating and increasing the inflammatory response in periodontal diseases. IL-1β levels in periodontal tissues and GCF have been closely associated with periodontal disease severity and it has been found that they significantly increase in diseased sites, compared to healthy sites.…”

La IL-1 y su eventual asociación con la enfermedad periodontal crónica: Una revisión de la literatura (I)

“…Varios estudios (27,28,29,30,31) varon como esos valores disminuyeron después de recibir el tratamiento periodontal básico. Salvi y col. (33) también detectaron niveles de IL-1β en FGC aumentados en pacientes con periodontitis moderada-severa cuando los compararon frente a pacientes con gingivitis y periodontitis leve.…”