Gingival Crevicular Fluid as a Novel Potential Source of Biomarkers Distinguishes Pubertal from Post-Pubertal Subjects

Abstract

Detection of pubertal growth peak is vital in orthodontic treatment timing and planning. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) contains abundant proteins from different sources and has been proven to be an ideal source of biomarkers. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) is an advanced technique that can detect low-molecular-weight peptides with high sensitivity and resolution. The aim of this research was to identify novel candidate biomarkers in GCF to help the diagnosis of pubertal growth peak by MALDI-TOF/MS. Results showed that the peak intensities of six peptides were significantly different between two groups: 1660.2 Da, 1783.0 Da, 2912.5 Da, 4178.6 Da, 5064.9 Da, and 6108.9 Da and are considered to be potential candidate biomarkers to identify pubertal growth peak. Further studies are needed to identify sequence information of these candidate biomarkers.

Gingival Crevicular Fluid Peptidome Profiling in Healthy and in Periodontal Diseases

“…Generally, the peptide profiling investigations that we summarize in this review make use of surface enhanced laser desorption ionization (SELDI) [17,18] and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)-MS [6,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] approaches which result more suitable and easily applicable for the analysis of natural peptides of GCF (Table 1). However, few investigations based on electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS have also been carried out to explore peptidic components and small proteins found in GCF in a top-down fashion [27][28][29] (Table 1).…”

“…Peptidomics workflow, without a digestion step, allows to preserve the endogenous information of peptides from GCF, including post-translational modifications and proteolytic products. (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) and (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35), Fibrinopeptide B Generally, the peptide profiling investigations that we summarize in this review make use of surface enhanced laser desorption ionization (SELDI) [17,18] and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)-MS [6,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] approaches which result more suitable and easily applicable for the analysis of natural peptides of GCF (Table 1). However, few investigations based on electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS have also been carried out to explore peptidic components and small proteins found in GCF in a top-down fashion [27][28][29]…”

“…Some, but not many investigations based on MS have been performed to explore the GCF peptidome both under physiological [20,22,23,27,28] and pathological conditions [6,[16][17][18][19]21,[24][25][26]29]. Targeted identifications of specific peptidic component in GCF have been reported by Lundy et al [16].…”

“…All these features make MALDI-TOF MS highly suitable for diagnostic purposes [59][60][61][62][63]. The versatility of the MALDI-TOF MS platform was exploited in different approaches to analyze GCF peptidome [6,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Human Gingival Crevicular Fluids (GCF) Proteomics: An Overview

“…Hence, any method that is noninvasive with minimum side effects and that can help the clinician to identify the growth spurt is in highly demand. Research that showed variable peptides in the GCF of both pre-pubertal and post-pubertal subjects has been conducted recently [ 28 ]. Further studies are encouraged to find more information about these novel biomarkers.…”