Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Salivary Periostin Levels in Non-Smoker Subjects With Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis

Abstract

Periostin, an extracellular matrix protein functioning as an important structural mediator and adhesion molecule, has been shown to be an important regulator of connective tissue integrity. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of periostin in chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) compared to non-periodontitis (NP). Individuals were submitted to gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva sampling. Periodontal examination consisted of plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL) measurements. Assays for periostin were performed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Periodontitis patients presented more severe clinical indices compared to the NP group (p < 0.001). The mean GCF level of periostin was lowest in the AgP group as compared to the other groups and was lower in the CP group as compared to the NP group (p < 0.001). Increased levels of periostin were observed in the saliva of patients with AgP as compared to the CP and NP groups (p < 0.05). There was a negative relationship between GCF periostin levels and clinical parameters (p < 0.01), whereas a positive correlation was observed between salivary periostin levels and full-mouth GI and CAL scores (p < 0.01). To our knowledge, this is the first report investigating periostin levels in GCF and saliva in aggressive periodontitis. The results suggest that subjects with CP and AgP exhibit a different periostin profile. Periostin in GCF may have a protective role against periodontal disease. Furthermore, salivary periostin concentrations may have a promising diagnostic potential for the aggressive forms of periodontal disease.

The role of caspase‐8, caspase‐9, and apoptosis inducing factor in periodontal disease

“…After periodontal examination, GCF samples were collected from two teeth for each individual at the deepest sites (PD ≥5 mm, CAL ≥4 mm) in groups CP and AgP. For a standardized comparison, samples from one single rooted and one multirooted tooth were obtained for all individuals from the Group Healthy at sites with PI ≤1, GI ≤1, PD ≤3, and no BOP . The areas designated for sampling were dried and isolated using cotton rolls to prevent contamination.…”

“…Supragingival plaque was removed using a curette. Paper strips (Periopaper, Oraflow, Smithtown, NY) were gently placed into the sulcus and left for 30 s . Any strip contaminated by blood or saliva was discarded.…”

“…For a standardized comparison, samples from one single rooted and one multirooted tooth were obtained for all individuals from the Group Healthy at sites with PI ≤1, GI ≤1, PD ≤3, and no BOP. 23 The areas designated for sampling were dried and isolated using cotton rolls to prevent contamination. Supragingival plaque was removed using a curette.…”

“…Supragingival plaque was removed using a curette. Paper strips (Periopaper, Oraflow, Smithtown, NY) were gently placed into the sulcus and left for 30 s. 23 Any strip contaminated by blood or saliva was discarded. GCF was recovered from pooled paper strip samples by agitating the strips in 250 L of filtered diluent buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, 5 mM CaCl2, 0.2 M NaCl, pH 7.5).…”

Six‐month clinical outcomes of non‐surgical periodontal treatment with antibiotics on apoptosis markers in aggressive periodontitis

“…Each sample area was isolated and dried, and supragingival plaque was removed prior to sampling. Paper strips (Periopaper; Oraflow, Smithtown, NY, USA) were used to collect GCF samples by gently inserting the strips into the sulcus for 30 s (Aral, Koseoglu, Saglam, Pekbagriyanik, & Savran, ). GCF volume was calculated from four pooled samples from each patient for ELISA analyses (De Genaro Modanese et al, ).…”