Gingival clefts revisited: Evaluation of the characteristics that make one more susceptible to gingival clefts

Stappert, Dina; Geiman, Robert; Zadi, Zahra Heidari; Reynolds, Mark A.

doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.01.018

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Development of a GC during orthodontic space closure, for example after extraction of permanent teeth, is a frequent finding (35% to 100%) and GCs are associated with orthodontic, periodontal, and aesthetic concerns . Excision of a GC is recommended shortly before or right after space closure is achieved, whereas resolution over time without any intervention cannot be expected in all cases (i.e., GC can persist for years) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, extraction of permanent teeth is a frequent component of orthodontic treatment; specifically, tooth extraction (excluding third molars) is performed in ≈25% of the patients, whereas in 10% to 15% of the patients all first premolars are extracted . GCs have been reported to develop in about 35% to 100% of the extraction cases and are more frequent in the mandible . In general, GC can appear on the buccal, lingual, and occlusal aspect or they can extend across the alveolar ridge from the buccal to the lingual (Figure 1A–1C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does the time‐point of orthodontic space closure initiation after tooth extraction affect the incidence of gingival cleft development? A randomized controlled clinical trial

Bertl

Neuner

Meran

et al. 2019

Journal of Periodontology

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Background: Gingival clefts (GCs) develop frequently during orthodontic space closure and may compromise the treatment outcome. This study assessed whether the time-point of orthodontic space closure initiation, after permanent tooth extraction, affects the incidence of GC. Methods:In 25 patients requiring bilateral premolar extraction because of orthodontic reasons, one premolar, chosen at random, was extracted 8 weeks before space closure initiation ("delayed movement," DM), whereas the contralateral premolar was extracted 1 week before ("early movement," EM) ("treatment group"). Presence or absence of GC after 3 and 6 months ("time-point") was recorded and any association with various parameters (i.e., treatment group, time-point, gender, jaw, craniofacial growth, gingival biotype, buccal bone dehiscence after extraction, space closure) was statistically assessed.Results: Twenty-one patients contributing with 26 jaws were finally included in the analysis. Overall, GCs were frequent after 3 (DM: 53.9%; EM: 69.2%) and 6 months (DM: 76.9%; EM: 88.5%). EM (P = 0.014) and larger space closure within the study period (P = 0.001) resulted in a significantly higher incidence of GC. Further, there was a tendency for GC development in the presence of buccal bone dehiscence (P = 0.052) and thin gingival biotype (P = 0.054). "Fast movers" (herein cases with This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the time‐point of orthodontic space closure initiation after tooth extraction affect the incidence of gingival cleft development? A randomized controlled clinical trial

Bertl

Neuner

Meran

et al. 2019

Journal of Periodontology

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“…Stappert (2018) found a negative association between gingival thickness and cleft severity, and there was no association exhibited between cleft severity and keratinized gingiva [14]. The sites with thinner gingival thickness exhibited a greater tendency for development of gingival clefts in terms of severity and occurrence than those with a thick gingival thickness.…”

Section: Gingival Phenotypementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subjects were recruited from a preceding study done at the University of Maryland orthodontic clinic [14]. Forty-two subjects completed that study (17 males, 25 females) with 91 premolar extraction sites being measured for the incidence of gingival clefts, gingival cleft severity, and gingival thickness in premolar extraction sites all while in orthodontic treatment.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parker found that when surgical intervention was used along with orthodontic retention this had a positive effect on stability of retracted teeth, in fact, the teeth moved further into extraction sites [11]. A previous study undertaken in the Department of Orthodontics at the University of Maryland investigated the gingival cleft formation from premolar extractions and subsequent space closure, resulting in an overall incidence of 71.4% [14]. The premolar extraction sites were measured for soft tissue and bone parameters to determine a correlation between the gingival phenotype and cleft formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospective Clinical Investigation of Orthodontic Relapse from Gingival Clefts

Bakhsh¹,

Scott²,

Stappert³

2020

DOBCR

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Background: Orthodontic space closure following premolar extraction may result in gingival cleft formation. This may contribute to orthodontic relapse due to reopening of extraction spaces. Purpose: 1) To see the effects gingival clefts have on relapse and opening of closed extraction spaces after orthodontic treatment. 2) To record any changes in cleft severity that may occur. 3) To evaluate any relationship between gingival phenotype and cleft severity. Methods: Subjects recruited from previous study in which gingival clefts were measured during space closure. The clinical measures included the occurrence and severity of clefts and their relationship to gingival phenotype. Results: Sites with a cleft (N=42) had 42.86% relapse and those without (N=19) had 36.84% relapse. Conclusions: As gingival cleft severity increases, the amount of relapse distance is likely to increase. Patients with a thick gingival phenotype who obtain gingival clefts in extraction sites during orthodontic treatment are more likely to have relapse post-treatment compared to sites which did not develop a gingival cleft.

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Comparison of gingival thickness by CBCT versus transgingival probing and estimation of cut-off values for gingival phenotype – A cross-sectional study in adults

Gupta,

Mendiratta,

Shaikh

et al. 2024

International Orthodontics

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Gingival clefts revisited: Evaluation of the characteristics that make one more susceptible to gingival clefts

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Does the time‐point of orthodontic space closure initiation after tooth extraction affect the incidence of gingival cleft development? A randomized controlled clinical trial

Does the time‐point of orthodontic space closure initiation after tooth extraction affect the incidence of gingival cleft development? A randomized controlled clinical trial

Prospective Clinical Investigation of Orthodontic Relapse from Gingival Clefts

Comparison of gingival thickness by CBCT versus transgingival probing and estimation of cut-off values for gingival phenotype – A cross-sectional study in adults

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