Gingival blood flow and temperature changes in young humans with a history of periodontitis

Baab, David A.; Öberg, Åke; Lundström, Åsa

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(90)90169-b

Cited by 42 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…7 Although important, all of these methods are flawed, in that they alter the normal physiology of the system and are indirect measures of blood flow; also, due to their invasive or toxic nature, they preclude the use of humans as experimental subjects. Baab et al, 8,9 Baab and Oberg, 10,11 and Childress et al 12 have employed laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) as a method of studying gingival microvascular dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LDF has been used to determine GBF in normal human gingiva, 8 dog gingiva with increasing and decreasing inflammation, 11 and in young humans with histories of various periodontal diseases. 9 It has also been used to monitor blood flow effects in human gingiva after the administration of local anesthetic agents. 14 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been extensively employed in studies of dental hard tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microcirculation and micromorphology of healthy and inflamed gingivae

et al. 2003

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Inflammation changes the microcirculatory and micromorphological dynamics of human gingiva. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and a replica technique for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the facial soft tissues of six maxillary anterior teeth, before and after treatment, in 12 patients exhibiting clinically healthy tissues and in 12 others with moderate gingivitis. All patients received oral hygiene instructions and scaling. The gingiva in the gingivitis group became healthy within 3 months after treatment. LDF results were recorded at the free gingivae, interdental gingivae, attached gingivae, and alveolar mucosae of the six maxillary anterior teeth. The gingival blood flows in the gingivitis group before treatment were significantly different from those in the healthy gingiva group. Flows were restored to the same level as the healthy gingiva, with no significant difference, at P > 0.01, 3 months after treatment. However, there were significant differences among sites during the same period. In addition, blood flow was reduced to a normal level after the inflammation subsided. Initially, the gingival morphology of the inflamed sites exhibited irregular free gingival margins, in contrast to that of healthy gingivae, which were characterized by rounded margins closely adapted to the tooth. One month post-treatment, the gingivae exhibited a wrinkled appearance, but they had reverted to normal micromorphology by 3 months post-treatment. The replica impression technique can be used to record gingival micromorphology both before and after reduction of inflammation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microcirculation and micromorphology of healthy and inflamed gingivae

et al. 2003

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“…LDF has been used to assess blood flow for intact microvascular systems such as the skin, the retina, gut mesentery, renal cortex and mucous membranes [5,6]. Dental applications include LDF readings (LDFRs) of periodontal ligament [7], pulpal blood vessels [8][9][10][11][12], gingival or sulcular blood flow in health and disease [13][14][15][16][17][18], evaluation of the degree in healing and revascularization of surgical wounds [19], the effect of orthodontic treatment [20] or the injection of vasoconstrictive anaesthetics on blood flow [21]. Single-point LDF, the technique mentioned above, shows good temporal resolution, poor spatial resolution and poor reproducibility in low capillary density tissue areas [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Doppler Flowmetry Evaluation of the Microcirculation in Dentistry

Todea¹,

Canjau²,

Miron³

et al. 2016

Microcirculation Revisited - From Molecules to Clinical Practice

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This chapter presents the most important features of laser Doppler (LD) techniques: LD flowmetry (LDF) and LD imaging (LDI), together with examples of their clinical applications in dentistry. LDF gives a constant estimation of blood flow at a specified point, whereas LDI gives a 'snapshot' of perfusion at a given point. These methods are non-invasive laser-based techniques for monitoring gingival and pulpal blood flow and could be used as a diagnostic tool. In paediatric dentistry and odontology, LDF proved to be an atraumatic real-time method used for determining the tooth vitality by monitoring the pulp microcirculation in traumatized teeth, fractured teeth and teeth undergoing different conservative treatments (e.g. bleaching, dental preparation for prosthetic restorations, etc.). In periodontology, recent studies showed the ability of LDF to evaluate the health of gingival tissue in different types of periodontal diseases. By using LDF, it is also possible to evaluate the outcome after different periodontal treatments. The laser Doppler line scanning can be used for recording the gingival healing process after a surgical procedure in the anterior area of the oral cavity.

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“…We hypothesize that the additional amino acids (amino acids 16 to 39) in the EmaA signal peptide function to ensure the secretion of this adhesin under physiological stress. These stresses may include changes in the environment of the gingival sulcus, which occurs during the transition between health and disease (2,35,43,44). These conditions may contribute to a stress response in the bacterium, which translates to an overall change in the transcriptional activity of specific gene products, including heat shock proteins or stress-induced proteins (56).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Extended Signal Peptide of the Trimeric Autotransporter EmaA of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Modulates Secretion

2011

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The extracellular matrix protein adhesin A (EmaA) of the Gram-negative bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a fibrillar collagen adhesin belonging to the family of trimeric autotransporters. The protein forms antenna-like structures on the bacterial surface required for collagen adhesion. The 202-kDa protein monomers are proposed to be targeted and translocated across the inner membrane by a long signal peptide composed of 56 amino acids. The predicted signal peptide was functionally active in Escherichia coli and A. actinomycetemcomitans using truncated PhoA and Aae chimeric proteins, respectively. Mutations in the signal peptide were generated and characterized for PhoA activity in E. coli. A. actinomycetemcomitans strains expressing EmaA with the identical mutant signal peptides were assessed for cellular localization, surface expression, and collagen binding activity. All of the mutants impaired some aspect of EmaA structure or function. A signal peptide mutant that promoted alkaline phosphatase secretion did not allow any cell surface presentation of EmaA. A second mutant allowed for cell surface exposure but abolished protein function. A third mutant allowed for the normal localization and function of EmaA at 37°C but impaired localization at elevated temperatures. Likewise, replacement of the long EmaA signal peptide with a typical signal peptide also impaired localization above 37°C. The data suggest that the residues of the EmaA signal peptide are required for protein folding or assembly of this collagen adhesin.

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Gingival blood flow and temperature changes in young humans with a history of periodontitis

Cited by 42 publications

References 19 publications

Microcirculation and micromorphology of healthy and inflamed gingivae

Microcirculation and micromorphology of healthy and inflamed gingivae

Laser Doppler Flowmetry Evaluation of the Microcirculation in Dentistry

The Extended Signal Peptide of the Trimeric Autotransporter EmaA of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Modulates Secretion

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