Ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and evaluation of their antioxidant activity and potential catalytic reduction activities with Direct Blue 15 or Direct Orange 26

Abstract

The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a water extract of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) root by microwave irradiation and its antibacterial activities have been reported. However, AgNPs prepared from different parts of ginger root water or ethanol extract by ultrasound synthesis and their antioxidant activity and whether the biogenic could be used to catalyze the reduction of hazardous dye are unknown. This study concentrated on the facile green synthesis of AgNPs prepared from different parts (unpeeled ginger, peeled ginger, and ginger peel) of ginger root water or ethanol extract by the ultrasound-assisted method. We studied their antioxidant activity and catalytic degradation of hazardous dye Direct Orange 26 (DO26) and Direct Blue 15 (DB15). The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak of AgNPs was at 428–443 nm. The biogenic AgNPs were approximately 2 nm in size with a regular spherical shape identified from TEM analysis. The ethanol extracts of dried unpeeled ginger and peeled ginger, fresh peeled ginger and ginger peel. The Z. officinale AgNPs synthesized by dried unpeeled ginger ethanol extract showed the best antioxidant activity. Their scavenging activities were significantly better than BHT (p <0.05). The different parts of ginger extracts showed no catalytic degradation activities of DB15 and DO26. Still, the synthesized Z. officinale AgNPs exhibited good catalytic degradation activities, while their ability to catalytic degradation to DB15 was better than DO26. In the additive ratio of 3 mL DB15, 0.1 mL NaBH4 and 0.1 mL AgNPs, the degradation rates of DB15 (or DO26) at 15 min, 30 min and 60 min were only 1.8% (0.9%), 2.8% (1.4%) and 3.5% (1.6%) in the absence of AgNPs. When adding Z. officinale AgNPs prepared from dried ginger peel ethanol extract or fresh ginger peel water extract, the degradation rates of DB15 sharply increased to 97% and 93% after 30 min, respectively. In conclusion, ginger extract has good antioxidant properties. Z. officinale AgNPs biosynthesis from ginger extract exhibit excellent catalytic degradation activities, especially for the ginger peel extract. They have application value in the treatment of textile effluents and provide a new idea and method for the comprehensive development and utilization of ginger resources.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Ginger-Derived Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activities

“…UV-visible absorption spectra showed a single, prominent broad surface plasmon resonance peak at 420 nm indicating the synthesis of AgNPs (Figure 3). This feature could be attributed to the presence of spherical NPs as indicated in previous studies [18,35]. Yadav et al [38] reported that the plasmon resonance band at 420 nm supported the reduction of AgNO 3 to AgNP.…”

“…AgNPs were prepared from AgNO 3 salt using extracts of the ginger rhizome as reducing and capping agents. Green synthesis of AgNPs from fresh and dried ginger using ethanol and water extracts has been reported as an efficient method by Vijaya et al [33] and Hu et al [18]; it does not require any external surfactants and capping or stabilizing agents since this is achieved by the extract itself. The optimal concentrations of the extract and AgNO 3 (1 mg ginger extract in 1 mL of 1 M AgNO 3 at 80 • C for 6 h) ensured sufficiently low polydispersity index of the AgNPs and pH 6 yielded the highest quantity of nanoparticles.…”

“…Metals, such as silver, gold, iron, and selenium, and bulk metal oxides, such as copper oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, and magnesium oxide, have been utilized in the manufacture of NPs. Silver NPs synthesized with ginger extracts are reported to have unique beneficial properties like chemical stability, electrical conductivity, and photo-electrochemical, catalytic, antienzymatic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and cytotoxic activity, making them of pharmacological interest, in addition to their being cost-effective [11,13,14,18]. AgNPs produced from plant extracts are reported to remain stable even after prolonged storage [18].…”

“…Silver NPs synthesized with ginger extracts are reported to have unique beneficial properties like chemical stability, electrical conductivity, and photo-electrochemical, catalytic, antienzymatic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and cytotoxic activity, making them of pharmacological interest, in addition to their being cost-effective [11,13,14,18]. AgNPs produced from plant extracts are reported to remain stable even after prolonged storage [18]. AgNPs have been reported to possess antibacterial efficacy against both multidrug-resistant microorganisms like Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, S. aureus, and Candida albicans, as well as against plant-associated microbes such as Pseudomonas chlororaphis [13,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

“…AgNPs have been reported to possess antibacterial efficacy against both multidrug-resistant microorganisms like Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, S. aureus, and Candida albicans, as well as against plant-associated microbes such as Pseudomonas chlororaphis [13,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Notably, the antioxidant properties of ginger AgNPs and gingerol have been demonstrated by [18,26]. Moreover, AgNPs derived from plant extracts show higher antioxidant activity than either AgNO 3 or plant extracts tested individually, which indicates the higher reducing capacity of plant-based AgNPs than their free form due to synergistic activities [25].…”