Ginger: Panacea or Consumer’s Hype?

Braga, Susana S.

doi:10.3390/app9081570

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…Some liposomal ginger products were developed to increase their bioavailability. These structures are not degraded in the stomach, can enter liver cells, but their benefic effects remain to be demonstrated by in vivo studies [292]. Anthocyanines/anthocyanidines and their metabolites ameliorate endothelial dysfunction and diminish the CVD risk [273].…”

Section: Guaiacols Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenolic Compounds Exerting Lipid-Regulatory, Anti-Inflammatory and Epigenetic Effects as Complementary Treatments in Cardiovascular Diseases

et al. 2020

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Atherosclerosis is the main process behind cardiovascular diseases (CVD), maladies which continue to be responsible for up to 70% of death worldwide. Despite the ongoing development of new and potent drugs, their incomplete efficacy, partial intolerance and numerous side effects make the search for new alternatives worthwhile. The focus of the scientific world turned to the potential of natural active compounds to prevent and treat CVD. Essential for effective prevention or treatment based on phytochemicals is to know their mechanisms of action according to their bioavailability and dosage. The present review is focused on the latest data about phenolic compounds and aims to collect and correlate the reliable existing knowledge concerning their molecular mechanisms of action to counteract important risk factors that contribute to the initiation and development of atherosclerosis: dyslipidemia, and oxidative and inflammatory-stress. The selection of phenolic compounds was made to prove their multiple benefic effects and endorse them as CVD remedies, complementary to allopathic drugs. The review also highlights some aspects that still need clear scientific explanations and draws up some new molecular approaches to validate phenolic compounds for CVD complementary therapy in the near future.In the last decade the scientific researchers turned their attention to phytochemicals, as effective, safe and low-cost natural bioactive compounds for CVD treatment.Dyslipidemia consists of increased blood concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-C) and/or triglycerides (TG), and decreased high density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C) [6]. The lipid metabolism is complex and the candidate mechanisms that could generate dyslipidemia include: (i) excessive dietary lipid absorption in the small intestine; (ii) packing of exogenous lipids with cholesterol and fatty acids produced de novo in the liver and their secretion as very low density lipoproteins (VLDL); (iii) hydrolysis of TG from VLDL by lipases and their conversion into LDL, which are taken up by the peripheral tissues through LDL receptor (LDL-R) and scavenger receptors; (iv) diminished production of HDL by the liver and small intestine, thereby decreasing reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) from the peripheral tissues to the liver; (v) lowered excess cholesterol excretion from the liver into gallbladder or to the intestinal lumen through the ATP-binding cassette G5 and G8 transporters (ABCG5/G8) that facilitate trans-intestinal cholesterol efflux (TICE). Dyslipidemia is associated with the accumulation of LDL in the sub-endothelium of the artery wall. At this site, LDL undergoes oxidative modifications (oxLDL) that trigger inflammatory responses, and is taken up by the monocyte-derived macrophages infiltrated in the sub-endothelium which thus become lipid-loaded foam cells, the hallmark of atheroma development [7]. Until now, the most effective lipid-lowering treatment for hyperlipidemic patients was the statin therapy. But recen...

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Section: Guaiacols Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Guaiacols Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic Compounds Exerting Lipid-Regulatory, Anti-Inflammatory and Epigenetic Effects as Complementary Treatments in Cardiovascular Diseases

et al. 2020

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“…Table 4 presents the results. All compounds and the standard were tested at a concentration of 1mM; 2 NO inhibition at the highest concentration tested, 100 µM, was of 0%; 3 5-LOX inhibition at 1000 µM was c.a. 42% and no higher concentrations were tested.…”

Section: Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ginger is traditionally associated with the amelioration of nausea and indigestion, while, in ayurvedic medicine, it is considered to be a universal medicine. However, clinical studies on humans show that ginger is not a panacea and its proven effects are restricted to the prevention of motion sickness, the alleviation of dysmenorrhea-associated pain, and the modulation of inflammatory conditions, such as strain-induced muscle pain and early stages of ostheoarthritism [3] Further activities of ginger are currently under investigation and warrant further data to support claimed benefits. A relevant example is the gastroprotective action, as demonstrated by various studies in rodents (mice, rats, and Mongolian gerbils).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However no data on humans are available regarding ginger's gastroprotective action. Further investigation is also needed on anti-diabetic action, as reported by few clinical trials, but still lacking longitudional studies, and on the possible activities against inflammatory bowel disease and fatty liver disease, for which only equivocal data are still available [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solid γ-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Compound with Gingerols, a Multi-Component Guest: Preparation, Properties and Application in Yogurt

et al. 2020

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Gingerols from the rhizome of fresh ginger (Zingiber officinale) were obtained by a simple extraction, followed by purification. The gingerols extract was composed of 6-gingerol (54%), 8-gingerol (20%), and 10-gingerol (26%). It was included into γ-cyclodextrin by classic co-dissolution procedures. Solid-state characterisation of γ-cyclodextrin·gingerols shows that this inclusion compound features 1:1 host-to-guest stoichiometry and that it is a microcrystalline powder with a crystalline cell that belongs to the tetragonal space group 4212, having the host molecules stacked in infinite channels where the gingerols are accommodated. In chimico studies with ABTS•+ scavenging, NO• scavenging, β-carotene peroxidation, and 5-LOX inhibition show that γ-cyclodextrin is a suitable carrier for gingerols, because it does not alter their reactivity towards these substances. Yogurt was tested as a matrix for the incorporation of gingerols and γ-cyclodextrin·gingerols into foodstuff. The colour of the fortified yogurt suffered little alterations. In the case of yogurt with the inclusion compound, γ-cyclodextrin·gingerols, as fortificant, these alterations were not perceptible to the naked eye. Moreover, yogurt with γ-cyclodextrin·gingerols showed a good antioxidant activity, thus being suitable for use in nutraceutical applications.

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Preparation, characterization, and bioactivity of Zingiber officinale Roscoe powder‐based Pickering emulsions

et al. 2022

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BACKGROUND: Biocompatible Pickering emulsions (PE) stabilized by tailor-made antioxidant-loaded particles have been known for some time now, but antioxidant-rich natural plant particle-based emulsions are much less well known. This study aimed to investigate the physico-chemical properties of commercial Zingiber officinale powders obtained from biological and conventional agricultural practice and ginger powder-based PE.RESULTS: The physico-chemical and biological properties of Zingiber officinale powders (GDPs) obtained from conventional (GDPC1 and GDPC2) and biological agricultural (GDPBIO) practices, and the properties of derived PE (PE_GDPs) were examined. All GDPs showed weak aggregation in aqueous media and a sufficiently hydrophobic surface to stabilize oil-in-water (O/W) PE against coalescence for at least 1 month. Zingiber officinale powders (2% w/w) derived from biological agricultural practices (GDPBIO) demonstrated the best emulsifying properties. The Zingiber officinale powders and PE_GDPs were also characterized by their phytochemical profiles. All the investigated samples exhibited ferric reducing ability power greater than the positive control, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), with values ranging from 91.21 to 102.63 ∼mol L −1 Fe (II) g −1 for GDPC2 and 05PE_GDPC1 (O/W=1:1), respectively. In ⊎-carotene bleaching test the following trend GDPC1 > GDPBIO > GDPC2 was observed. A 05PE_GDPBIO sample with the oil volume fraction equal to 50% was stable to oxidation and exhibited a promising ⊍-amylase inhibitory activity.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that ginger powder should be used as a starting point to design biocompatible PEs for different applications in the functional food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. In fact, powder and based PE are characterized by a promising antioxidant activity, carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme and lipase inhibitory properties. Further in vivo studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

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Ginger: Panacea or Consumer’s Hype?

Cited by 12 publications

References 80 publications

Phenolic Compounds Exerting Lipid-Regulatory, Anti-Inflammatory and Epigenetic Effects as Complementary Treatments in Cardiovascular Diseases

Phenolic Compounds Exerting Lipid-Regulatory, Anti-Inflammatory and Epigenetic Effects as Complementary Treatments in Cardiovascular Diseases

Solid γ-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Compound with Gingerols, a Multi-Component Guest: Preparation, Properties and Application in Yogurt

Preparation, characterization, and bioactivity of Zingiber officinale Roscoe powder‐based Pickering emulsions

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