Ginger and its active compounds in cancer therapy: From folk uses to nano-therapeutic applications

Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Aumeeruddy, Muhammad Zakariyyah; Rengasamy, Kannan R.R.; Roshan, S; Hammad, Samar Kamel; Pandohee, Jessica; Hu, Xuebo; Zengin, Gökhan

doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.009

Cited by 104 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…However, symptoms and evaluation methods varied among studies, with substandard general qualities, making it challenging to integrate outcomes. Investigations on the anticancer activity of ginger or its active constituents, especially shogaols and gingerol species, have been conducted in various types of cancer with different models [6,82]. However, there was no direct evaluation of the incidence or survival of patients in the four trials that evaluated ginger's effect on colorectal cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than approximately 100 compounds have reportedly been isolated from ginger [5]. Specifically, the major classes of ginger compounds are gingerol, shogaols, zingiberene, and zingerone, as well as other less common compounds, including terpenes, vitamins, and minerals [6]. Among them, gingerols are considered as the primary components, reported to possess several bioactivities [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another SR-MA study revealed that ginger improved lipid profiles and benefited the glucose control, insulin sensitivity, and glycosylated hemoglobin of type 2 diabetes mellitus [12]. In addition, ginger's potency has been regularly proposed in arthritis, gastric dysfunction, and cancers [6,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ginger on Human Health: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of 109 Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2020

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Clinical applications of ginger with an expectation of clinical benefits are receiving significant attention. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion in terms of the clinical effects of ginger in all reported areas. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline, randomized controlled trials on the effects of ginger were investigated. Accordingly, 109 eligible papers were fully extracted in terms of study design, population characteristics, evaluation systems, adverse effects, and main outcomes. The reporting quality of the included studies was assessed based on the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized trials and integrated together with studies that investigated the same subjects. The included studies that examined the improvement of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, inflammation, metabolic syndromes, digestive function, and colorectal cancer’s markers were consistently supported, whereas other expected functions were relatively controversial. Nevertheless, only 43 clinical trials (39.4%) met the criterion of having a ‘high quality of evidence.’ In addition to the quality assessment result, small populations and unstandardized evaluation systems were the observed shortcomings in ginger clinical trials. Further studies with adequate designs are warranted to validate the reported clinical functions of ginger.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ginger on Human Health: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of 109 Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2020

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“…in silico studies. In order to determine the inhibitory impact of ginger phytochemicals on hFASN through in silico studies, various biologically active ginger compounds were selected from literatures [29][30][31][32] . Two domains of the enzyme were selected to perform docking simulation study; the ketosynthase (KS) and thioesterase (TE) domains.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid synthase, a novel poor prognostic factor for acute lymphoblastic leukemia which can be targeted by ginger extract

Ghaeidamini

Rahgozar

Rahimi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Altered metabolism of fatty acid synthesis is considered a hallmark characteristic of several malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). to evaluate the impact of fatty acid synthase (FASN) on drug resistant ALL, bone marrow samples were collected from 65 pediatric ALLs, including 40 de novo and 25 relapsed patients. 22 non-cancer individuals were chosen as controls. Quantitative RT-PCR showed increased expression levels of FASN in drug resistant patients compared with the therapy responders. Single and combined treatment of malignant cells were analyzed using Annexin-V/PI double staining and MTT assays. Incubation of resistant primary cells with ginger showed simultaneous increased apoptosis rates and reduced FASN expression levels. Furthermore, docking studies demonstrated high affinity bindings between ginger derivatives and FASN thioesterase and ketosynthase domains, compared with their known inhibitors, fenofibrate and morin, respectively. Finally, combined treatment of in-house multidrug resistant TALL subline with ginger and dexamethasone induced drug sensitivity and down regulation of FASN expression, accordingly. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that introduces FASN upregulation as a poor prognostic factor for drug resistant childhood ALL. Moreover, it was revealed that fASn inhibition may be applied by ginger phytochemicals and overcome dexamethasone resistance, subsequently. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of hematological malignancy in children 1,2. Despite the enormous advances in modern medicine and development of innovative therapeutic strategies, disease relapse remains a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in children 3. Metabolic rearrangements are vital to satisfy the different requirements of cancer cells during tumorigenesis 4. Elevated de novo fatty acid biosynthesis is a hallmark adaptation in many cancers that supply signaling molecules and basic elements for lipid biosynthesis 5. While most normal cells supply their fatty acids from dietary sources, cancer cells reactivate de novo fatty acid synthesis 6. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a multifunctional protein containing six enzymatic domains that catalyzes the biosynthesis of palmitate 5. Elevated expression of FASN is found to be associated with poor prognosis and higher risk of recurrence in a number of human cancers. Indeed, FASN overexpression has been shown to contribute to multidrug resistance (MDR). Multi-drug resistance is one of the major obstacles to the successful treatment of various types of cancer, particularly childhood ALL 5,7,8. Glucocorticoids (GCs) such as prednisone and dexamethasone (DEX) are indispensable drugs for childhood ALL treatment 9. Early response to glucocorticoids is a positive prognostic indicator and glucocorticoid resistance has been associated with an increased risk of relapse and poor clinical response 10,11. Glucocorticoids regulate FASN expression and subsequently affect lipogenesis 12. Therefore, FASN knock down or...

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“…Jahe adalah tumbuhan aromatis dengan rimpang bercabang simpodial, batang semu dengan tinggi sekitar 1 m dan kaya akan flavonoid. 1 Secara umum jahe digunakan sebagai obat tradisional untuk mengobati mabuk perjalanan, mual, muntah, diare, batuk, nyeri otot, demam, migraine dan perdarahan. Namun dalam penelitian beberapa tahun terakhir, telah ditemukan bahwa jahe memiliki aktivitas biologik yang dapat digunakan sebagai antiulkus, antioksidan, dan antiinflamasi.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Jahe (Zingiber officinale) terhadap Gambaran Histopatologik Lambung Tikus Wistar yang Diinduksi Asam Asetat

Pungus¹,

Lintong²,

Sambuaga³

2020

MSJ

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In stomach induced by acetic acid, the gastric acidity may increase leading to irritation of the mucosal layer and imbalance of defense factors and damaging factors. This might lead to the occurrence of gastritis or peptic ulcers. Ginger is rich in flavonoids. In the inflammation process, ginger constituents such as zingerone, zingiberenes, gingerols, and shogaol may be able to inhibit the cyclooxygenation and lipookoxygenase pathways in the arachidonic acid metabolism. This study was aimed to identify the effects of ginger on the histopathological features of stomach induced by acetic acid. This was an experimental laboratory study. In this study, we used red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) originated from Tomohon. Samples were male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into 5 groups; one as the positive control. The results showed that groups given ginger had intact surface mucosa, inflammation cells (eosinophils and PMN), and blood vessel dilation. Meanwhile, the positive control showed erosive surface mucosa. Worms were identified in all groups. It is concluded that in Wistar rats, administration of ginger after the stomach induced by acetic acid still showed gastritis feature but without acute erosive gastritis.Keywords: ginger, stomach, gastritis, peptic ulcers, acetic acid, vinegar Abstrak: Pada lambung yang diinduksi dengan asam asetat, kadar keasaman lambung dapat meningkat sehingga mengiritasi lapisan mukosa dan mengakibatkan ketidakseimbangan faktor pertahanan dan faktor perusak lambung. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan gastritis atau ulkus peptikum. Jahe dikenal kaya akan flavonoid. Pada proses inflamasi, konstituen dari jahe seperti zingerone, zingiberenes, gingerols, dan shogaol mampu menghambat jalur siklooksigenasi dan lipooksi-genase pada metabolisme asam arakidonat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian jahe terhadap gambaran histopatologik lambung yang diinduksi dengan asam asetat. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental laboratorik. Pada penelitian ini digunakan jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) yang berasal dari daerah Tomohon. Sampel penelitian ialah 25 ekor tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) jantan, dibagi atas 5 kelompok; satu kelompok sebagai kontrol positif. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan kelompok yang diberikan jahe memperlihatkan permukaan mukosa lambung intak, adanya sel-sel radang (eosinofil dan PMN), serta pelebaran pembuluh darah sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol positif yang hanya diberikan asam asetat tampak permukaan mukosa lambung erosif. Pada semua sampel ditemukan adanya cacing. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pada tikus Wistar, pemberian jahe setelah lambung diinduksi dengan asam asetat masih menun-jukkan adanya gambaran histopatologik gastritis namun tidak terdapat gastritis erosif akut.Kata kunci: jahe, lambung, gastritis, ulkus peptikum, asam asetat

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Ginger and its active compounds in cancer therapy: From folk uses to nano-therapeutic applications

Cited by 104 publications

References 87 publications

Ginger on Human Health: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of 109 Randomized Controlled Trials

Ginger on Human Health: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of 109 Randomized Controlled Trials

Fatty acid synthase, a novel poor prognostic factor for acute lymphoblastic leukemia which can be targeted by ginger extract

Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Jahe (Zingiber officinale) terhadap Gambaran Histopatologik Lambung Tikus Wistar yang Diinduksi Asam Asetat

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