Gin, Television, and Cognitive Surplus

Media discourse, sport and the nation: narratives and counter-narratives in the digital age

“…There are different views on how participatory media have become and how truly empowered are users of social media platforms. Clay Shirky (2009, 2011) advocates the power of social media to ‘make history’, and of the Internet to ‘transform government’. Carah and Louw (2015), however, focus on surveillance rather than interaction and stress that ‘the contemporary culture industry exercises power by relying on interactive technologies to watch, organise and control the participation of audiences’.…”

The Shifting Roles of Journalists and Audiences : Experimenting with Participatory Journalism in Hungary’s Constrained Media Environment

“…"The plurality of discursive registers like witnessing, narrativisation, polemic, conflictualisation and implication (Duchesne et al, 2003b) are thus counterposed to rational argumentative competences by scholars, as well as political activists who advocate alternative conceptions of the public sphere to Habermas's." (Smith, 2017, p.21) Industry publications such as the Columbia Journalism Review, Wanifra, Nieman Lab, and Pointer, as well as scholars in the past two decades (Allan, 2006;Deuze & Bruns;2007, Gillmor, 2004Shirky, 2010;Singer et al, 2011, Woo Young, 2005, have attempted to show how innovative news outlets managed to co-opt the public in newsmaking and how that improved journalism.…”

“…Should they provide a platform for voices from outside the media? Some scholars (Deuze, 2003;Deuze & Fortunati;McNair, 2006McNair, , 2017Lewis, 2011;Shirky, 2010;Anderson et al, 2014) have proposed that journalists need to get rid of their professional distance, 'objectivity' and traditional modes of fact-checking, and to opt instead for procedural transparency.…”

“…This means that lack of audience engagement does not necessarily stem from journalists' lack of ideas or willingness, but from the organizational workflow -which seems to be a key factor in affecting the emergence and sustained presence of the practice. Scholars claimed that on the web, with its dispersed information control and collective intelligence, journalists need to shed their professional distance, objectivity and traditional modes of fact-checking to opt instead for procedural transparency (McNair, 2006, Lewis, 2011, Shirky, 2010. Journalists are also supposed to leave their institutional walls and interact with the public in a reciprocal manner, asking questions, acknowledging ignorance and answering queries as well, which according to these scholars meant that journalism unavoidably becomes more honest, fluid and transparent.…”

“Typing Back”: Social Media as Space For Critical Discourse

“…Advertising is inseparable from the space for users to connect via social media, and detailed profiles allow companies to focus target marketing strategies specific to individual users -at least much more specific than traditional one-to-many television advertising (Shirky, 2010). Historically, Frankfurt theorist Marcuse (1964) wrote about the impact of technology on society and believed that through media and educational discourses, those with power in society perpetuate false needs that tie the middle and working class to consumer society.…”