Gill tissue lipids of salmon (Salmo salar L.) presmolts and smolts from anadromous and landlocked populations

Itokazu, Yutaka; Käkelä, Reijo; Piironen, Jorma; Guan, Xue Li; Kiiskinen, Päivi; Vornanen, Matti

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.01.020

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…This result establishes a critical link between the physiological preparation of smolts in freshwater for osmoregulation in the ocean and survival, which has been long suspected by others (Boeuf 1993;Itokazu et al 2014). A rich literature exists describing the physiological transformations of diadromous fishes (e.g., Zydlewski and Wilkie 2013), and the study of smolt physiology constitutes a large body of work within that field McCormick 2013).…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 58%

Linking Behavior, Physiology, and Survival of Atlantic Salmon Smolts During Estuary Migration

et al. 2015

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Decreased marine survival is identified as a component driver of continued declines of Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar. However, estimates of marine mortality often incorporate loss incurred during estuary migration that may be mechanistically distinct from factors affecting marine mortality. We examined movements and survival of 941 smolts (141 wild and 800 hatchery‐reared fish) released in freshwater during passage through the Penobscot River estuary, Maine, from 2005 to 2013. We related trends in estuary arrival date, movement rate, and survival to fish characteristics, migratory history, and environmental conditions in the estuary. Fish that experienced the warmest thermal history arrived in the estuary 8 d earlier than those experiencing the coolest thermal history during development. Estuary arrival date was 10 d later for fish experiencing high flow than for fish experiencing low flow. Fish released furthest upstream arrived in the estuary 3 d later than those stocked further downstream but moved 0.5 km/h faster through the estuary. Temporally, movement rate and survival in the estuary both peaked in mid‐May. Spatially, movement rate and survival both decreased from freshwater to the ocean. Wild smolts arrived in the estuary later than hatchery fish, but we observed no change in movement rate or survival attributable to rearing history. Fish with the highest gill Na+, K+‐ATPase activity incurred 25% lower mortality through the estuary than fish with the lowest gill Na+, K+‐ATPase activity. Smolt survival decreased (by up to 40%) with the increasing number of dams passed (ranging from two to nine) during freshwater migration. These results underscore the importance of physiological preparedness on performance and the delayed, indirect effects of dams on survival of Atlantic Salmon smolts during estuary migration, ultimately affecting marine survival estimates. Received October 25, 2014; accepted January 8, 2015

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Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 58%

Linking Behavior, Physiology, and Survival of Atlantic Salmon Smolts During Estuary Migration

et al. 2015

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“…In Atlantic salmon, exposure to reducing water temperature resulted in increase of gill total PUFA and EPA content (Liu et al, 2018). Besides EPA, fluctuation in gill ARA content in different water salinity levels was also reported in diadromous teleost (Bystriansky and Ballantyne, 2007, Itokazu et al, 2014). Taken together, our work indicates the importance of LC-PUFA in the gill tissue of mudskipper.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Functional characterization of fatty acyl desaturase Fads2 and Elovl5 elongase in the Boddart’s goggle-eyed goby,Boleophthalmus boddarti(Gobiidae) suggest an incapacity for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis

Soo

Chong

Sean³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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AbstractLong-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, a process to convert C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or arachidonic acid (ARA) requires the concerted activities of two enzymes, the fatty acyl desaturase (Fads) and elongase (Elovl). This study highlights the cloning, functional characterisation and tissue expression pattern of a Fads and Elovl from the Boddart’s goggle-eyed goby (Boleophthalmus boddarti), a mudskipper species widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific region. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the cloned Fads and Elovl are clustered with other teleost Fads2 and Elovl5 orthologs, respectively. Interrogation of the genome of several mudskipper species, namely B. pectinirostris, Periophthalmus schlosseri and P. magnuspinnatus revealed a single Fads2 for each respective species while two elongases, Elovl5 and Elovl4 were detected. Using a heterologous yeast assay, the B. boddarti Fads2 was shown to possess low desaturation activity on C18 PUFA. In addition, there was no desaturation of C20 and C22 substrates. In comparison, the Elovl5 showed a wide range of substrate specificity, with capacity to elongate C18, C20 and C22 PUFA substrates. We identified an amino acid residue in the B. boddarti Elovl5 that affect the capacity to bind C22 PUFA substrate. Both genes are highly expressed in brain tissue. Among all tissues, DHA is highly concentrated in neuron-rich tissues while EPA is highly deposited in gills. Taken together, the results showed that due to disability of desaturation steps, B. boddarti is unable to biosynthesis LC-PUFA, relying on dietary intake to acquire these nutrients.

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“…physiological necessities for survival are already present while the fish is still in freshwater. This is well documented for the osmoregulatory machinery in the gills [49–54]. For example, the likely causal agent for saltwater tolerance, NKA a1b, increases in abundance in freshwater gill tissues [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome regulatory landscape of Atlantic salmon liver through smoltification

Harvey,

Gillard,

Røsæg

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The anadromous Atlantic salmon undergo a preparatory physiological transformation before seawater entry, referred to as smoltification. Key molecular developmental processes involved in this life stage transition, such as remodeling of gill functions, are known to be synchronized and modulated by environmental cues like photoperiod. However, little is known about the photoperiod influence and genome regulatory processes driving other canonical aspects of smoltification such as the large-scale changes in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis in the developing smolt liver. Here we generate transcriptome, DNA methylation, and chromatin accessibility data from salmon livers across smoltification under different photoperiod regimes. We find a systematic reduction of expression levels of genes with a metabolic function, such as lipid metabolism, and increased expression of energy related genes such as oxidative phosphorylation, during smolt development in freshwater. However, in contrast to similar studies of the gill, smolt liver gene expression prior to seawater transfer was not impacted by photoperiodic history. Integrated analyses of gene expression and transcription factor (TF) binding signatures highlight likely important TF dynamics underlying smolt gene regulatory changes. We infer that ZNF682, KLFs, and NFY TFs are important in driving a liver metabolic shift from synthesis to break down of organic compounds in freshwater. Moreover, the increased expression of ribosomal associated genes after smolts were transferred to seawater was associated with increased occupancy of NFIX and JUN/FOS TFs proximal to transcription start sites, which could be the molecular consequence of rising levels of circulating growth hormones after seawater transition. We also identified differential methylation patterns across the genome, but associated genes were not functionally enriched or correlated to observed gene expression changes across smolt development. This contrasts with changes in TF binding which were highly correlated to gene expression, underscoring the relative importance of chromatin accessibility and transcription factor regulation in smoltification.

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Gill tissue lipids of salmon (Salmo salar L.) presmolts and smolts from anadromous and landlocked populations

Cited by 8 publications

References 52 publications

Linking Behavior, Physiology, and Survival of Atlantic Salmon Smolts During Estuary Migration

Linking Behavior, Physiology, and Survival of Atlantic Salmon Smolts During Estuary Migration

Functional characterization of fatty acyl desaturase Fads2 and Elovl5 elongase in the Boddart’s goggle-eyed goby,Boleophthalmus boddarti(Gobiidae) suggest an incapacity for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis

The genome regulatory landscape of Atlantic salmon liver through smoltification

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