Gill observations in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.) during repeated amoebic gill disease (AGD) field exposure and survival challenge

Taylor, Richard; Müller, W. J.; Cook, Mathew T.; Kube, Peter; Elliott, Nicholas

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.01.030

Cited by 115 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gill rot is the common gill disease of fish [3]. To investigate the effects of diets containing graded levels of protein on the resistance of fish against gill rot, a scoring system was designed to evaluate the severity of fish gill rot that was similar to Taylor et al [3]. When sacrificed, fish gills were quickly removed, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at À80 C for later analysis as described by Chen et al [7].…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies demonstrate that disturbance to fish gills leads to a decline in growth [2] and even an increase in the mortality rate [3]. Therefore, maintaining the status of gill health is critically important to fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of dietary protein levels on the disease resistance, immune function and physical barrier function in the gill of grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) after challenged with Flavobacterium columnare

Feng

Jiang

et al. 2016

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of dietary protein levels on the disease resistance, immune function and physical barrier function in the gill of grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) after challenged with Flavobacterium columnare

Feng

Jiang

et al. 2016

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…Mortalities were removed every 5 days and the PIT tag number recorded. Throughout the trial, the populations were routinely assessed for signs of amoebic gill disease (AGD) by fortnightly subsampling of 40 fish and determining the range of gill score [41]. These checks triggered two freshwater baths at normal commercial bathing thresholds prior to the trial and a further three during the trial (Table S1).…”

Section: Caged Fish Trial Design and Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Gastrointestinal Microbial Community Dynamics in Relation to Digesta Properties and Diet

et al. 2016

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To better understand salmon GI tract microbial community dynamics in relation to diet, a feeding trial was performed utilising diets with different proportions of fish meal, protein, lipid and energy levels. Salmon gut dysfunction has been associated with the occurrence of casts, or an empty hind gut. A categorical scoring system describing expressed digesta consistency was evaluated in relation to GI tract community structure. Faster growing fish generally had lower faecal scores while the diet cohorts showed minor differences in faecal score though the overall lowest scores were observed with a low protein, low energy diet.The GI tract bacterial communities were highly dynamic over time with the low protein, low energy diet associated with the most divergent community structure. This included transiently increased abundance of anaerobic (Bacteroidia and Clostridia) during January and February and facultatively anaerobic (lactic acid bacteria) taxa from February onwards. The digesta had enriched populations of these groups in relation to faecal cast samples. The majority of samples (60-86%) across all diet cohorts were eventually dominated by the genus Aliivibrio.The results suggest that an interaction between time of sampling and diet is most strongly related to community structure. Digesta categorization revealed microbes involved with metabolism of diet components change progressively over time and could be a useful system to assess feeding responses.

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“…By far the most widely used and practical method for ascertaining AGD severity and hence triggers for intervention (freshwater bathing, hydrogen peroxide treatments) is the gross gill score across all 16 hemibranchs, as described by Taylor et al (2009), which may be coupled with histopathology and fresh microscopy to confirm the presence of lesion-associated amoebae. The identification of N. perurans as the causal agent of AGD (Young et al, 2007) has allowed the development of specific DNA based molecular diagnostic assays for the detection of the amoeba.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Non-destructive Molecular Diagnostics for the Detection of Neoparamoeba perurans

et al. 2017

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Amoebic gill disease (AGD) caused by Neoparamoeba perurans, has emerged in Europe as a significant problem for the Atlantic salmon farming industry. Gross gill score is the most widely used and practical method for determining AGD severity on farms and informing management decisions on disease mitigation strategies. As molecular diagnosis of AGD remains a high priority for much of the international salmon farming industry, there is a need to evaluate the suitability of currently available molecular assays in conjunction with the most appropriate non-destructive sampling methodology. The aims of this study were to assess a non-destructive sampling methodology (gill swabs) and to compare a range of currently available real-time polymerase chain-reaction (PCR) assays for the detection of N. perurans. Furthermore a comparison of the nondestructive molecular diagnostics with traditional screening methods of gill scoring and histopathology was also undertaken. The study found that all molecular protocols assessed performed well in cases of clinical AGD with high gill scores. A TaqMan based assay (protocol 1) was the optimal assay based on a range of parameters including % positive samples from a field trial performed on fish with gill scores ranging from 0 to 5. A higher proportion of gill swab samples tested positive by all protocols than gill filament biopsies and there was a strong correlation between gill swabs tested by protocol 1 and gross gill score and histology scores. Screening for N. perurans using protocol 1 in conjunction with non-destructive gill swab samples was shown to give the best results.

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Gill observations in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.) during repeated amoebic gill disease (AGD) field exposure and survival challenge

Cited by 115 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of dietary protein levels on the disease resistance, immune function and physical barrier function in the gill of grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) after challenged with Flavobacterium columnare

Effects of dietary protein levels on the disease resistance, immune function and physical barrier function in the gill of grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) after challenged with Flavobacterium columnare

Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Gastrointestinal Microbial Community Dynamics in Relation to Digesta Properties and Diet

Evaluation of Non-destructive Molecular Diagnostics for the Detection of Neoparamoeba perurans

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