Gigasporaceae versus Glomeraceae (phylum Glomeromycota): A biogeographic tale of dominance in maritime sand dunes

Stürmer, Sidney Luiz; Oliveira, Laio Zimermann; Morton, Joseph B.

doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2017.11.008

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi belong to the phylum Glomeromycota which consists of four orders, 12 families, 41 genera and approximately 338 species [ 40 ]. Gigasporaceae, Glomeraceae, and Acaulosporaceae represent the most diverse genera within the phylum, containing 82% of the entire species [ 41 ]. Glomeraceae family includes the abundant genera such as Glomus, Rhizophagus, Funneliformis and Septoglomus, which have been reported in all continents [ 41 , 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculant Benchmarks

2020

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Growing evidence showed that efficient acquisition and use of nutrients by crops is controlled by root-associated microbiomes. Efficient management of this system is essential to improving crop yield, while reducing the environmental footprint of crop production. Both endophytic and rhizospheric microorganisms can directly promote crop growth, increasing crop yield per unit of soil nutrients. A variety of plant symbionts, most notably the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phosphate-potassium-solubilizing microorganisms entered the era of large-scale applications in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry. The purpose of this study is to compile data to give a complete and comprehensive assessment and an update of mycorrhizal-based inoculant uses in agriculture in the past, present, and future. Based on available data, 68 mycorrhizal products from 28 manufacturers across Europe, America, and Asia were examined on varying properties such as physical forms, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal composition, number of active ingredients, claims of purpose served, mode of application, and recommendation. Results show that 90% of the products studied are in solid formula—powder (65%) and granular (25%), while only 10% occur in liquid formula. We found that 100% of the products are based on the Glomeraceae of which three species dominate among all the products in the order of Rhizophagus irregularis (39%), Funneliformis mosseae (21%), Claroideoglomus etunicatum (16%). Rhizophagus clarus is the least common among all the benchmark products. One third of the products is single species AMF and only 19% include other beneficial microbes. Of the sampled products, 44% contain AMF only while the rest are combined with varying active ingredients. Most of the products (84%) claimed to provide plant nutrient benefits. Soil application dominates agricultural practices of the products and represents 47%. A substantial amount of the inoculants were applied in cereal production. Recommended application doses varied extensively per plant, seed and hectare. AMF inoculant seed coating accounted for 26% of the products’ application and has great potential for increased inoculation efficiency over large-scale production due to minimum inoculum use. More applied research should also be conducted on the possible combination of AMF with other beneficial microbes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculant Benchmarks

2020

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“…The indicator species represent species adapted to the specific conditions of the areas, such as Scutellospora tepuiensis, described in mountainous plateaus in Venezuela (South America) with acidic (pH 5.7-5.9) and sandy soils and shrubby vegetation [43], characteristics similar to those found in LCC. Gigasporoid species indicative of some areas, such as Cetraspora pellucida, Gigaspora margarita and S. calospora, are found in sand dune ecosystems around the world, and are thus considered cosmopolitan [44]. C. pellucida was an exception among gigasporoid species, being an indicator of HCC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Community Along an Environmental Gradient

Vieira

Silva

Escobar

et al. 2020

Plants

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Gradual environmental changes are determining factors in the disposition of plants and associated organisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The objective of this study was to evaluate the AMF species communities in a tropical semi-arid region of NE Brazil under decreasing clay content at a mountain top area forming a vegetative mosaic of dry forests, savanna-like shrubland and humid montane forests. Through field and trap culture samples, 80 species of AMF were identified belonging to 25 genera, of which Acaulospora and Glomus were the most representative. In general, representatives of the order Gigasporales were indicators of sites with lower clay content and showed greater abundance in these sites. As expected, less richness was found in the site with higher clay content, but there was no variation in the Shannon-Weaver index in the gradient studied. The areas showed different assemblies of AMF among the sites with higher and lower clay content, and the main factors structuring the species were carbon, clay and potential acidity. In addition, field samples and trap cultures showed different assemblies; through the use of cultures it was possible to detect additional species. Soil properties have been found to be determinants for the distribution of these microorganisms and further studies in different vegetation types can help to understand the ecological preferences of AMF species.

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“…For example, spore size and amount produced, as well as investment in extra‐ or intraradical mycelium, appear conserved at the family level (Hart & Reader, ; Maherali & Klironomos, ; Powell et al ., ; Chagnon et al ., ). Likewise, family‐ or order‐level community composition is well predicted by spatial variation in soil pH, soil phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) content, or soil depth (Camenzind et al ., ; Rodríguez‐Echeverría et al ., ; Roy et al ., ; Sosa‐Hernández et al ., ; Stürmer et al ., ; Treseder et al ., ), supporting a phylogenetic conservatism of niche and traits at a coarse phylogenetic resolution. On the other hand, AM fungi exhibit extensive genetic variation within morphologically (spore‐based) defined species, which can affect compatibility with their host plant (Angelard et al ., ) and traits such as extraradical hyphal density (Munkvold et al ., ; Koch et al ., ; Mensah et al ., ): the variability in these traits and the consequences for host performance were higher within than between AM fungal species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The relative importance of ecological drivers of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal distribution varies with taxon phylogenetic resolution

et al. 2019

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Summary The phylogenetic depth at which arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi harbor a coherent ecological niche is unknown, which has consequences for operational taxonomic unit (OTU) delineation from sequence data and the study of their biogeography. We tested how changes in AM fungi community composition across habitats (beta diversity) vary with OTU phylogenetic resolution. We inferred exact sequence variants (ESVs) to resolve phylotypes at resolutions finer than provided by traditional sequence clustering and analyzed beta diversity profiles up to order‐level sequence clusters. At the ESV level, we detected the environmental predictors revealed with traditional OTUs or at higher genetic distances. However, the correlation between environmental predictors and community turnover steeply increased at a genetic distance of c. 0.03 substitutions per site. Furthermore, we observed a turnover of either closely or distantly related taxa (respectively at or above 0.03 substitutions per site) along different environmental gradients. This study suggests that different axes of AM fungal ecological niche are conserved at different phylogenetic depths. Delineating AM fungal phylotypes using DNA sequences should screen different phylogenetic resolutions to better elucidate the factors that shape communities and predict the fate of AM symbioses in a changing environment.

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Gigasporaceae versus Glomeraceae (phylum Glomeromycota): A biogeographic tale of dominance in maritime sand dunes

Cited by 28 publications

References 54 publications

Analysis of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculant Benchmarks

Analysis of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculant Benchmarks

Changes in an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Community Along an Environmental Gradient

The relative importance of ecological drivers of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal distribution varies with taxon phylogenetic resolution

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