Gigantomastia in pregnancy

Stavrides, Steve; Hacking, A.; Tiltman, A. J.; Dent, D. M.

doi:10.1002/bjs.1800740713

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…An isolated report of hyperprolactinemia 6 similar to our case was observed, but this finding is not confirmed in any other publications. 7 Target organs, hypersensitivity or an increased number of receptors in the breast were considered as a possible explanation; however, no studies have been carried out to measure organ responsiveness. Lafreniere et al 5 studied estrogen, progesterone, steroid and androgen receptor assays and found that all the receptor assays were normal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency Mastectomy in Gigantomastia of Pregnancy: A Case Report and Literature Review

et al. 1997

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency Mastectomy in Gigantomastia of Pregnancy: A Case Report and Literature Review

et al. 1997

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“…It consists of hypertrophy of vascular, fibrous, and stromal elements rather than the glandular tissues. The exact causes are poorly understood, but it may be related to progesterone stimulation of the estrogen-primed breast [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postpartum Gigantomastia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

et al. 1993

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Although often considered rare, gigantomastia acquires increasing importance from its severe physical and psychological drawbacks. It usually presents during puberty or pregnancy. We report an unusual case of a 35-yearold female who presented immediately after her sixth delivery. Case ReportA 35-year-old female, Gravida 7, Para 6, presented with markedly enlarged breasts of six years' duration, associated with local tenderness, discomfort, backache, and an extensive intertrigo in the submammary crease ( Figure 1). The condition started immediately after the birth of her sixth child. Her medical history was unremarkable; in particular, she had received no hormonal agents or birth control pills and gave no history of any endocrinopathy.Physical examination showed pronounced breast hypertrophy. The inferior poles reached the groin, with hyperemia and generalized nodularity.Radiographic studies including mammography and computerized tomogram (CT scan) of the brain with axial cuts at the sella failed to show any mass and there was a normal ventricular system. Assays of serum prolactin, estradiol, estrone, progesterone, human growth hormone, thyrotrophin, and free thyroxin, as well as urinary free Cortisol, were all within normal limits. A decision of bilateral reduction mammoplasty with transplantation of free nipple-areola complex was made. Preoperative markings on the breast were made for a 4 cm in diameter nipple and 5 cm inframammary fold. A superiorly based skin pedicle was de-epithelialized and folded under the nipple site. Also, a triangle of tissue in the middle of the inframammary fold was de-epithelialized and secured to the chest wall superiorly. A total of 7,325 grams was excised from the right breast and 7,560 grams from the left breast (Figure 2). The operative blood loss was approximately 600 cc and two units of packed red blood cells were given intraoperatively. A triple dose of perioperative prophylactic antibiotic was given. She was discharged home on the seventh postoperative day following an uneventful recovery. Histology showed features of massive breast hypertrophy and fibrocystic disease with a fibroadenomatous picture.

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“…Frequently, it occurs in multigravida women without problems in previous pregnancies [2,7,8,10,12,15,20,22,23,33,35,46,49,60,62,70,72,75,77,78,83,84,90,97,98,109,110,113,119], but it has been reported in first pregnancies [7,11,13,15,35,44,57,64,65,73,83,88,99,106,108,111,116,121,122,124].…”

Section: Pregnancy Gigantomastiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Endocrine studies including pituitary studies [8,12,13,49,64,83,88,109,113] and x-ray of the seUa turcica [26,90,75,112] have been nonconclusive. Recent research, however, indicates that reproductive events early in reproductive life changes the proportion of hormone and hormone receptors [38,39,95].…”

Section: Pregnancy Gigantomastiamentioning

confidence: 99%