Gigantic volcanic eruptions and climatic change in the early Eocene

Egger, H.; Brückl, Ewald

doi:10.1007/s00531-006-0085-7

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The extremely violent volcanism suggests that the volcanic edifices were located in shallow water (Waagstein and Heilmann-Clausen, 1995;Larsen et al, 2003). The thickest of the ash layers are among the largest basaltic ash-falls known in geological history, and they may have contributed to the global cooling after the PETM (Egger and Brückl, 2006). The diatomite of the Fur Formation ( Figure 5) probably formed in an upwelling belt south and south-west of Norway (Bonde, 1979).…”

Section: Figure 2 Tilted Tertiary Successions From: A) North Atlanticmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tertiary of Norden

Rasmussen¹,

Heilmann‐Clausen²,

Waagstein³

et al. 2008

Episodes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This chapter provides a lithostratigraphic correlation and the present knowledge of the depositional history of the Tertiary succession of the Scandinavian countries. The succession records an initial phase of carbonate deposition in the early Paleocene. This was succeeded by deposition of deep marine clays with intercalation of sand-rich mass-flow deposits during most of the Paleocene and Eocene. Volcanic activity in the North Atlantic was extensive at the transition from the Paleocene to the Eocene resulting in widespread sedimentation of ash-rich layers in the North Sea area. During the Oligocene, the first prograding deltaic complex developed, sourced from the Fennoscandian Shield. Late Oligocene-Early Miocene inversion and uplift of Norway and the Shetland Platform resulted in major progradation of coastal and delta plain systems. At the end of the Tertiary most of the North Sea basin was filled and the Fennoscandian Shield was flanked to the west by a broad, coalesced coastal plain. The Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary event (c. 65 Ma) is represented in Denmark by the distinctive Fish Clay, well exposed in the cliff at Stevns. In Denmark and the North Sea the Danian succession consists of up to 350 m thick limestone and chalk. Two main facies are

show abstract

Section: Figure 2 Tilted Tertiary Successions From: A) North Atlanticmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tertiary of Norden

Rasmussen¹,

Heilmann‐Clausen²,

Waagstein³

et al. 2008

Episodes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Still more distant from the eruption centre are records in the area of the former Tethys Ocean. Bentonite layers have been reported from the Austrian Alps (Egger 1995;Huber et al 2003;Egger and Brückl 2006), the Polish Outer Carpathians (Cieszkowski et al 2006) and the Swiss Gurnigel nappe (Winkler et al 1985), suggesting a deposition of distal equivalents more than 2000 km away from the source area (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Early Eocene volcanic ashes on Greifswalder Oie and their depositional environment, with an overview of coeval ash-bearing deposits in northern Germany and Denmark

Obst

Ansorge

Matting

et al. 2015

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Unconsolidated bentonites and carbonate-cemented volcanic ashes occur in northern Germany within the clay sequence of the Lamstedt and Schlieven Formations documented by several wells. Ash-bearing carbonate concretions (so-called cementstones) are also known from glacially transported rafts and erratic boulders on the Baltic Sea island Greifswalder Oie, representing the easternmost exposures of early Eocene sediments in the North Sea Basin. The ashes can be correlated with water-lain ashes of the Danish Fur and Ølst Formations (mo-clay) generated during the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean about 55 Ma ago. Two types of cementstones can be distinguished on the basis of the mineralogical composition, sedimentary features and fossil content. Greifswalder Oie type I contains a black, up to 12-cm-thick ash deposit that follows above two distinct thin grey ash layers. The major ash unit has a rather homogeneous lower part; only a very weak normal grading and faint lamination are discernible. In the upper part, however, intercalations with light mudstone, in part intensively bioturbated, together with parallel and cross-lamination suggest reworking of the ash in a shallow marine environment. Major and trace element compositions are used to correlate type I ashes with those of the Danish-positive series which represent rather uniform ferrobasalts of the Danish stage 4, probably related to the emergence of proto-Iceland. In contrast, type II ash comprises a single, normally graded, about 5-cm-thick layer of water-lain air-fall tuff, which is embedded in finegrained sandstone to muddy siltstone. Type II ash is characterised by very high TiO 2 but low MgO contents. Exceptional REE patterns with a pronounced positive Eu anomaly suggest intense leaching of the glass that hampers exact correlation with pyroclastic deposits within the North Atlantic Igneous Province.

show abstract

“…Based on these absolute dates, the Fur Formation has been correlated with contemporary deposits across Europe (e.g. Knox & Holloway ; Heilmann‐Clausen ; Egger & Brückl ).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and microstructural inventory of an isolated fossil bird feather from the Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark

Gren

Sjövall²,

Eriksson

et al. 2016

Palaeontology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An isolated, yet virtually intact contour feather (FUM‐1980) from the lower Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark was analysed using multiple imaging and molecular techniques, including field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG‐SEM), X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS). Additionally, synchrotron radiation X‐ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) was employed in order to produce a digital reconstruction of the fossil. Under FEG‐SEM, the proximal, plumulaceous part of the feather revealed masses of ovoid microstructures, about 1.7 μm long and 0.5 μm wide. Microbodies in the distal, pennaceous portion were substantially smaller (averaging 0.9 × 0.2 μm), highly elongate, and more densely packed. Generally, the microbodies in both the plumulaceous and pennaceous segments were aligned along the barbs and located within shallow depressions on the exposed surfaces. Biomarkers consistent with animal eumelanins were co‐localized with the microstructures, to suggest that they represent remnant eumelanosomes (i.e. eumelanin‐housing cellular organelles). Additionally, ToF‐SIMS analysis revealed the presence of sulfur‐containing organics – potentially indicative of pheomelanins – associated with eumelanin‐like compounds. However, since there was no correlation between melanosome morphology and sulfur content, we conclude these molecular structures derive from diagenetically incorporated sulfur rather than pheomelanin. Melanosomes corresponding roughly in both size and morphology with those in the proximal part of FUM‐1980 are known from contour feathers of extant parrots (Psittaciformes), an avian clade that has previously been reported from the Fur Formation.

show abstract

Gigantic volcanic eruptions and climatic change in the early Eocene

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

The Tertiary of Norden

The Tertiary of Norden

Early Eocene volcanic ashes on Greifswalder Oie and their depositional environment, with an overview of coeval ash-bearing deposits in northern Germany and Denmark

Molecular and microstructural inventory of an isolated fossil bird feather from the Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About