GIGANTEA supresses wilt disease resistance by down-regulating the jasmonate signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract

GIGANTEA (GI) is a plant-specific nuclear protein that plays a pleiotropic role in the growth and development of plants. GI’s involvement in circadian clock function, flowering time regulation, and various types of abiotic stress tolerance has been well documented in recent years. Here, the role of GI in response to Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) infection is investigated at the molecular level comparing Col-0 WT with the gi-100 mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana. Disease progression, photosynthetic parameters, and comparative anatomy confirmed that the spread and damage caused by pathogen infection were less severe in gi-100 than in Col-0 WT plants. F. oxysporum infection induces a remarkable accumulation of GI protein. Our report showed that it is not involved in flowering time regulation during F. oxysporum infection. Estimation of defense hormone after infection showed that jasmonic acid (JA) level is higher and salicylic acid (SA) level is lower in gi-100 compared to Col-0 WT. Here, we show that the relative transcript expression of CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1) and PLANT DEFENSIN1.2 (PDF1.2) as a marker of the JA pathway is significantly higher while ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1 (ICS1) and NON-EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 (NPR1), the markers of the SA pathway, are downregulated in the gi-100 mutants compared to Col-0 plants. The present study convincingly suggests that the GI module promotes susceptibility to F. oxysporum infection by inducing the SA pathway and inhibiting JA signaling in A. thaliana.

Infrared Imaging to Assess the Wild Rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) Response to Fusarium Wilt in the Early Stages of Infection

“…oxysporum f. sp. raphani enters the host’s root system, the plant is subject to physiological (i.e., tissue-specific transcriptional reprogramming) and gradually also morphological (i.e., stunting, yellowing and necrosis) changes as it colonizes the vessels that can be tracked as alterations in its thermal signature. , The temperature of the foliage is generally regulated by air convection and stomatal conductance to water vapor that dissipates energy from the leaf and modulated by other plant-mediate mechanisms, such as changes in the location of water at the plant tissue level, − on which thermal inertia depends, leaf cells integrity, and canopy architecture . Rapid temperature increases in the canopy may be linked to abnormalities in water relations, for example, due to alterations in sap-flow caused by the tracheomycotic pathogens .…”

Light and temperature-dependent developmental role of Auxin Binding Protein 1 (ABP1) in Arabidopsis thaliana

“…Leaf temperature analysis: Plants were used for studying the leaf temperature as described by Patnaik et al, (2023). Briefly, thermal images from plants were captured after keeping them in a dark room with the FLUKE Infra-red Camera (Model No: Ti450 PRO) equidistantly placed 40 cm away.…”

“…The leaf segments were dried at 60 °C for 24 h and dry weight (DW) was recorded. RWC was calculated using the formula RWC = {(FW-DW) / (TW-DW)} × 100; Where: FW = Fresh weight; TW = turgid weight Leaf temperature analysis: Plants were used for studying the leaf temperature as described by Patnaik et al, (2023). Briefly, thermal images from plants were captured after keeping them in a dark room with the FLUKE Infra-red Camera (Model No: Ti450 PRO) equidistantly placed 40 cm away.…”

“…For quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), the Primer Quest tool (Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc., USA) was used to design gene-specific primers used in the qRT-PCR (Supplementary Table S1). All reactions were carried out in hardshell 384-well PCR plates (Bio-Rad, Cat #HSP3805) in Bio-Rad laboratories' CFX384 Touch TM Real-time detection system, following the manufacturer's instructions and iTaq TM universal SYBR green super mix as described recently (Patnaik et al, 2023). ACTIN was used to normalize transcript levels.…”

“…Samples were analysed on Exion LC (Sciex ®) UHPLC system using formic acid (0.05%) in water as mobile phase A and acetonitrile as mobile phase B. The column and separation protocols were done as described by Patnaik et al (2023).…”