Giftedness and evidence for reproducibly superior performance: an account based on the expert performance framework

Ericsson, K. Anders; Roring, Roy W.; Nandagopal, Kiruthiga

doi:10.1080/13598130701350593

Cited by 213 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 174 publications

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“…Consequently, coaches and athletes may benefit from adopting strategies such as beginning with easy plays. While the importance of progressing from simpler tasks to more complex ones is unambiguous in the process of motor skill learning (Ericsson, Roring, & Nandagopal, 2007), we did not find previous research that showed that the same applied to the execution of tasks in performance settings. Therefore, to our knowledge, the findings of this study are the first to report the importance of beginning with easy plays in performance settings as a way to prevent early mistakes from causing distractions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Brazilian Elite Soccer Players: Exploring Attentional Focus in Performance Tasks and Soccer Positions

Tedesqui¹,

Orlick²

2015

The Sport Psychologist

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The purpose of this study was to qualitatively explore the attentional focus experienced by elite soccer players in different soccer positions and performance tasks of both closed and open skills. No previous studies have explored elite soccer players' attentional skills from a naturalistic and qualitative perspective in such detail. Data collection consisted of individual semistructured interviews with eight highly elite Brazilian soccer players from five main soccer positions, namely goalkeeper, defender, wing, midfielder, and forward. Important themes were positive thinking, performing on autopilot, and relying on peripheral vision. For example, thematic analysis indicated that in tasks where there may be an advantage in disguising one's intentions (e.g., penalty kick), relying on peripheral vision was essential. Early mistakes were among the main sources of distractions; thus, players reported beginning with easy plays as a strategy to prevent distractions. Implications for applied sport psychology were drawn and future studies recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Brazilian Elite Soccer Players: Exploring Attentional Focus in Performance Tasks and Soccer Positions

Tedesqui¹,

Orlick²

2015

The Sport Psychologist

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“…For example, the movie critics who vote on the National Board of Review Awards (and the industry members who vote on the Academy Awards) have a much higher level of expertise than the average layperson. Both the critics and the professionals have spent years either making or evaluating movies, comparable to the 10 years of deliberate practice needed to make a substantial contribution to a field (Ericsson, Roring, & Nandagopal, 2007). Most laypeople, however, are novices.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Furious activity vs. understanding: How much expertise is needed to evaluate creative work?

Kaufman

Baer

Cropley

et al. 2013

Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts

149

104

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What is the role of expertise in evaluating creative products? Novices and experts do not assess creativity similarly, indicating domain-specific knowledge's role in judging creativity. We describe two studies that examined how "quasi-experts" (people who have more experience in a domain than novices but also lack recognized standing as experts) compared with novices and experts in rating creative work. In Study 1, we compared different types of quasi-experts with novices and experts in rating short stories. In Study 2, we compared experts, quasi-experts, and novices in evaluating an engineering product (a mousetrap design). Quasi-experts (regardless of type) seemed to be appropriate raters for short stories, yet results were mixed for the engineer quasi-experts. Some domains may require more expertise than others to properly evaluate creative work.

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“…Aqueles que se fundamentam nessa perspectiva defendem que para um indivíduo concluir a última etapa e se tornar especialista, são necessários, no mínimo, 10 anos de exercício recorrente ou 10.000 horas de prática (Ericsson, 2004;Ericsson, Roring, & Nandagopal, 2007). Os resultados do treinamento podem ser facilitados (mas não acelerados) quando o indivíduo apresenta disponibilidade, motivação, tem acesso a mentores especializados e materiais adequados e inicia cedo na área de atuação (Ericsson, 2004).…”

Section: Talento Como Resultado Da Prática Deliberada (Ou Expertise)unclassified

A medida do talento: evidências de validade de uma escala para aferir talento em organizações

2013

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ResumoA alta competitividade no mundo dos negócios tem levado organizações a uma disputa agressiva por profi ssionais de alto talento. Essa disputa tem gerado debates, tanto no âmbito organizacional quanto no âmbito acadêmico, sobre como defi nir o fenômeno e acessar sua ocorrência na população. Neste estudo revisou-se a literatura referente à conceituação de talento, e formulou-se uma defi nição mensurável do construto, extensiva a diversos contextos organizacionais. Elaborou-se um conjunto de itens referentes a três dimensões do talento: qualidade, velocidade e autonomia na realização do trabalho. Em seguida, buscaram-se evidências de validade e precisão da medida elaborada. Participaram do teste empírico do instrumento 308 profi ssionais ativos no mercado de trabalho, 61% homens, em média 35,1 anos de idade. Os participantes responderam um questionário contendo 20 itens referentes ao talento, uma escala de personalidade no modelo dos cinco grandes fatores e questões sobre experiência profi ssional. Análises exploratórias e confi rmatórias, em acordo com a defi nição do construto, corroboraram a estrutura de três fatores do instrumento. Os índices de precisão de todas as dimensões foram satisfatórios, coeficientes alfa superiores a 0,80. As correlações observadas entre os fatores do talento, de personalidade e experiência profi ssional fornecem adequadas evidências de validade para o instrumento. Pessoas com altos níveis de talento apresentam escores altos em conscienciosidade, foram promovidas mais frequentemente, e receberam ofertas de trabalho de outras empresas. Discutem-se as possibilidades de uso do instrumento na área acadêmica e em situações aplicadas. Palavras-chave:Talento, desempenho no trabalho, avaliação de recursos humanos, desempenho. AbstractA great competitiveness in business has led organizations to an aggressive race for top talent professionals. This dispute has generated debates, in both the organizational, and the academic fi eld, about how to defi ne the phenomenon and how to assess its occurrence in the general population. This study reviewed the literature about talent, and proposed a measurable defi nition of the construct, which can 1 Endereço para correspondência:

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Giftedness and evidence for reproducibly superior performance: an account based on the expert performance framework

Cited by 213 publications

References 174 publications

Brazilian Elite Soccer Players: Exploring Attentional Focus in Performance Tasks and Soccer Positions

Brazilian Elite Soccer Players: Exploring Attentional Focus in Performance Tasks and Soccer Positions

Furious activity vs. understanding: How much expertise is needed to evaluate creative work?

A medida do talento: evidências de validade de uma escala para aferir talento em organizações

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