Gibbs-Donnan Equilibrium Potentials

Sperelakis, Nicholas

doi:10.1016/b978-012656976-6/50107-4

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…In preventing cell swelling, cells pump Na ϩ ions out of the cell actively to compensate for the Gibbs-Donnan effect due to impermeant intracellular proteins. The Na ϩ -K ϩ ATPase renders the cell membrane effectively impermeant to Na ϩ ions, thereby creating a double-Donnan effect (21). Therefore, in maintaining cell volume, the Gibbs-Donnan effect due to ISF Na ϩ balances the Gibbs-Donnan effect due to impermeant intracellular proteins (21).…”

Section: Role Of Gibbs-donnan Equilibrium In Modulating the Osmolalitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Na ϩ -K ϩ ATPase renders the cell membrane effectively impermeant to Na ϩ ions, thereby creating a double-Donnan effect (21). Therefore, in maintaining cell volume, the Gibbs-Donnan effect due to ISF Na ϩ balances the Gibbs-Donnan effect due to impermeant intracellular proteins (21). As a result of this double-Donnan effect, there is no net osmotic pressure across the cell membrane, and the system is stable (21).…”

Section: Role Of Gibbs-donnan Equilibrium In Modulating the Osmolalitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative interrelationship between Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium, osmolality of body fluid compartments, and plasma water sodium concentration

Nguyen¹,

Kurtz²

2006

Journal of Applied Physiology

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The presence of negatively charged, impermeant proteins in the plasma space alters the distribution of diffusible ions in the plasma and interstitial fluid (ISF) compartments to preserve electroneutrality. We have derived a new mathematical model to define the quantitative interrelationship between the Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium, the osmolality of body fluid compartments, and the plasma water Na+ concentration ([Na+]pw) and validated the model using empirical data from the literature. The new model can account for the alterations in all ionic concentrations (Na+ and non-Na+ ions) between the plasma and ISF due to Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium. In addition to the effect of Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium on Na+ distribution between plasma and ISF, our model predicts that the altered distribution of osmotically active non-Na+ ions will also have a modulating effect on the [Na+]pw by affecting the distribution of H2O between the plasma and ISF. The new physiological insights provided by this model can for the first time provide a basis for understanding quantitatively how changes in the plasma protein concentration modulate the [Na+]pw. Moreover, this model defines all known physiological factors that may modulate the [Na+]pw and is especially helpful in conceptually understanding the pathophysiological basis of the dysnatremias.

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Section: Role Of Gibbs-donnan Equilibrium In Modulating the Osmolalitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Role Of Gibbs-donnan Equilibrium In Modulating the Osmolalitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative interrelationship between Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium, osmolality of body fluid compartments, and plasma water sodium concentration

Nguyen¹,

Kurtz²

2006

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…All cells have a problem that stems from their need for an inventory of impermeant molecules (metabolites, proteins, nucleic acids, etc., Burton, 1983b ) that sets up an unstable osmotic condition, which could rupture the plasma membrane if left unattended (Stein, 2002 ; Armstrong, 2003 ; Dawson and Liu, 2008 ). This is the so-called Donnan effect (Sperelakis, 2012 ). Plants and prokaryotes solve the problem by building cell walls that can resist turgor pressure (Haswell and Verslues, 2015 ; Wood, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Cells Can Control Their Size by Pumping Ions

Kay

2017

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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The ability of all cells to set and regulate their size is a fundamental aspect of cellular physiology. It has been known for sometime but not widely so, that size stability in animal cells is dependent upon the operation of the sodium pump, through the so-called pump-leak mechanism (Tosteson and Hoffman, 1960). Impermeant molecules in cells establish an unstable osmotic condition, the Donnan effect, which is counteracted by the operation of the sodium pump, creating an asymmetry in the distribution of Na+ and K+ staving off water inundation. In this paper, which is in part a tutorial, I show how to model quantitatively the ion and water fluxes in a cell that determine the cell volume and membrane potential. The movement of water and ions is constrained by both osmotic and charge balance, and is driven by ion and voltage gradients and active ion transport. Transforming these constraints and forces into a set of coupled differential equations allows us to model how the ion distributions, volume and voltage change with time. I introduce an analytical solution to these equations that clarifies the influence of ion conductances, pump rates and water permeability in this multidimensional system. I show that the number of impermeant ions (x) and their average charge have a powerful influence on the distribution of ions and voltage in a cell. Moreover, I demonstrate that in a cell where the operation of active ion transport eliminates an osmotic gradient, the size of the cell is directly proportional to x. In addition, I use graphics to reveal how the physico-chemical constraints and chemical forces interact with one another in apportioning ions inside the cell. The form of model used here is applicable to all membrane systems, including mitochondria and bacteria, and I show how pumps other than the sodium pump can be used to stabilize cells. Cell biologists may think of electrophysiology as the exclusive domain of neuroscience, however the electrical effects of ion fluxes need to become an intimate part of cell biology if we are to understand a fundamental process like cell size regulation.

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“…Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium [29] is conceived when there are two compartments separated by half-permeable membrane and there are impermeable ions in one of the compartments and permeable salt in both ones. But obtained value of Donnan potential is not high, only about ±11 mV.…”

Section: Calculations Of Gibbs-donnan Transmembrane Potential On Membmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gibbs-Donnan Potential as a Tool for Membrane Vesicles Polarization

Iuliia¹,

Sergiy²,

Tetyana³

et al. 2014

JBPC

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It has been theoretically predicted that under conditions leading to Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium in case when size of one compartment is very different from another (as in system "membrane vesicle/liposomes-incubation medium") stable transmembrane potential can be formed, which value is sufficient to fit requirement of real transmembrane potential. Four partial cases were considered with different location and charge of impermeable ion and it was concluded that locations of impermeable ions in medium provide stable transmembrane potential with sufficient value of 60-70 mV. Potential-sensitive probe, such as DiOC6(3) and oxonol VI, were used to confirm the calculated potential. According to the change in fluorescence level and emission/excitation shift, a stable and relatively high transmembrane potential can be formed if salt of impermeable ion is located in incubation medium. Impermeable cations and anions may be used to create positive and negative transmembrane potential respectively.

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Gibbs-Donnan Equilibrium Potentials

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Quantitative interrelationship between Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium, osmolality of body fluid compartments, and plasma water sodium concentration

Quantitative interrelationship between Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium, osmolality of body fluid compartments, and plasma water sodium concentration

How Cells Can Control Their Size by Pumping Ions

Gibbs-Donnan Potential as a Tool for Membrane Vesicles Polarization

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