Gibberellins Regulate Lateral Root Formation in<i>Populus</i>through Interactions with Auxin and Other Hormones

Gou, Jiqing; Strauss, Steven H.; Tsai, Chung‐Jui; Fang, Kai; Chen, Yiru; Jiang, Xiangning; Busov, Victor

doi:10.1105/tpc.109.073239

Cited by 226 publications

(193 citation statements)

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“…One of the major outcomes of this study, consistent with our previous work under in vitro conditions and Atgai Native Native 10-2, 102-2, 115, 117 GAI-X-1, GAI-X-2, GAI-X-3, GAI-X-4 Arabidopsis Control 717-1 Control early greenhouse growth (Gou et al, 2010(Gou et al, , 2011, is that root biomass fraction was enhanced in semidwarf trees. Both in the raised-bed environment, where we could most fully harvest and thus more accurately measure woody root biomass, and in the field site, the transgenics showed a higher fraction of root biomass.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…(Evans and Fischer, 1999). Thus, although reduced stature of fruit, ornamental, and street trees has clear value, and it is possible that semidwarf trees could also have specialized uses such as for bioremediation, stress tolerance, or carbon sequestration (Ragauskas et al, 2006) as a result of their increased allocation to root growth (Busov et al, 2006;Gou et al, 2010), it is unclear whether semidwarfism could be beneficial in promoting wood yield in dense plantings. It was also unclear whether semidwarfism observed in open grown trees would also obtain in mixed plantings, as trees compensate strongly to favor height over stem growth under competition for light.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In poplar (Populus spp. ), semidwarf transgenic plants grown in vitro had a lower shoot-to-root ratio, which was at least partly due to proliferation of lateral roots (Busov et al, 2006;Gou et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GA has been shown to play a controlling role in lateral root development (Gou et al, 2010), and GA and ethylene synergistically promote both the initiation and growth of adventitious roots (Osmont et al, 2007). In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), isogenic GA-deficient mutants (gib) allocate more biomass to roots compared with shoots (Nagel et al, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Green Revolution Trees: Semidwarfism Transgenes Modify Gibberellins, Promote Root Growth, Enhance Morphological Diversity, and Reduce Competitiveness in Hybrid Poplar

et al. 2012

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Semidwarfism has been used extensively in row crops and horticulture to promote yield, reduce lodging, and improve harvest index, and it might have similar benefits for trees for short-rotation forestry or energy plantations, reclamation, phytoremediation, or other applications. We studied the effects of the dominant semidwarfism transgenes GA Insensitive (GAI) and Repressor of GAI-Like, which affect gibberellin (GA) action, and the GA catabolic gene, GA 2-oxidase, in nursery beds and in 2-year-old high-density stands of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula 3 Populus alba). Twenty-nine traits were analyzed, including measures of growth, morphology, and physiology. Endogenous GA levels were modified in most transgenic events; GA 20 and GA 8 , in particular, had strong inverse associations with tree height. Nearly all measured traits varied significantly among genotypes, and several traits interacted with planting density, including aboveground biomass, rootshoot ratio, root fraction, branch angle, and crown depth. Semidwarfism promoted biomass allocation to roots over shoots and substantially increased rooting efficiency with most genes tested. The increased root proportion and increased leaf chlorophyll levels were associated with changes in leaf carbon isotope discrimination, indicating altered water use efficiency. Semidwarf trees had dramatically reduced growth when in direct competition with wild-type trees, supporting the hypothesis that semidwarfism genes could be effective tools to mitigate the spread of exotic, hybrid, and transgenic plants in wild and feral populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Green Revolution Trees: Semidwarfism Transgenes Modify Gibberellins, Promote Root Growth, Enhance Morphological Diversity, and Reduce Competitiveness in Hybrid Poplar

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“…The physiological functions of GA in root growth have been discussed for Arabidopsis (Tanimoto 2012;Mauriat et al 2014) and crosstalk between indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and GA has been demonstrated in the signaling system (Fu and Harberd 2003;Gou et al 2010). Supplementation of GA 3 was reported to induce increases in secondary metabolite production and also affected cell viability and root morphogenesis of E. purpurea in hairy root cultures (Abbasi et al 2012).…”

Section: In Vitro Plantlet Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro regeneration, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and genetic assay of chalcone synthase in the medicinal plant Echinacea pallida

Wang

Jeng

2017

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Pericycle

Dubrovsky¹,

Rost²

2012

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Pericycle is a primary tissue of plant roots and is the site for the initiation of lateral roots and two secondary meristems, the vascular cambium and cork cambium (phellogen). In this article the characteristics of the pericycle related to each of its functions are reviewed. During lateral root development, three important and coordinated events take place in the pericycle: priming, founder cells specification and patterned cell division leading to primordium formation. The vascular cambium is initiated from the pericycle, just outside the primary xylem, and from residual procambium that originates from vascular parenchyma cells located between the primary xylem and primary phloem resulting in a continuous cylinder of vascular cambium cells which form the secondary xylem and secondary phloem of the root. The pericycle tends to be ‘pushed’ outwards after the vascular cambium forms and it eventually divides again to become the cork cambium. The cork cambium divides to form phellem cells to the outside and phelloderm to the inside. Aspects of the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and function of the pericycle and its derivatives are also discussed. Key Concepts: Pericycle is a primary tissue located at the periphery (most outward) of the root vascular cylinder. In roots, the pericycle is a unique tissue in that its cells continue to cycle for a long period and it has three functions – initiation of lateral roots, contribution to the initiation of the vascular cambium and initiation of the cork cambium. Lateral root initiation involves the following steps: pericycle cell priming that occurs in a so‐called oscillation zone, founder cell specification that is dependent on local increase in auxin concentration and first divisions of founder cells leading to primordium formation. Auxin is a key hormone involved in the regulation of pericycle activity related to lateral root formation but it interacts and acts in a complex orchestration with other plant hormones. Auxin homeostasis‐ and signalling‐related genes are involved in pericycle cell development, lateral root initiation and patterned division of founder cells during lateral root formation; some auxin‐independent genes are also important for pericycle development. Vascular cambium forms by division of the pericycle cells just outside the primary xylem and also by division of residual procambium cells located between the primary xylem and primary phloem. Vascular cambium divides toward the inside of the root to form secondary xylem and towards the outside to form the secondary phloem; auxins and cytokinins are essential to initiate the vascular cambium. The cork cambium, or phellogen, forms from the pericycle outside the secondary phloem. It divides to the outside to form a layer of cells called phellem and to the inside to form the phelloderm. The cell walls of these cell layers are impregnated with a waxy substance called suberin to retard water loss out of the root and to prevent the entry of pathogens.

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Gibberellins Regulate Lateral Root Formation inPopulusthrough Interactions with Auxin and Other Hormones

Cited by 226 publications

References 94 publications

Green Revolution Trees: Semidwarfism Transgenes Modify Gibberellins, Promote Root Growth, Enhance Morphological Diversity, and Reduce Competitiveness in Hybrid Poplar

Green Revolution Trees: Semidwarfism Transgenes Modify Gibberellins, Promote Root Growth, Enhance Morphological Diversity, and Reduce Competitiveness in Hybrid Poplar

In vitro regeneration, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and genetic assay of chalcone synthase in the medicinal plant Echinacea pallida

Pericycle

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