Gibberellin metabolism and signaling and its molecular mechanism in regulating seed germination and dormancy

Song, Song-Quan; Liu, Jun; Huang, Hui; Xian-jin, WU; Xu, Heng-Heng; Zhang, Qi; Li, XiuMei; Liang, J. B.

doi:10.1360/ssv-2019-0289

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…This finding demonstrates that the decrease in ABA content promotes seed dormancy release, which is consistent with previous studies on Tilia henryana [ 17 , 49 ]. GA 3 can also be utilized to abbreviate the dormancy period and promote seed germination, as it has been documented as a stimulant for seed germination in numerous plant species by inducing hydrolytic enzymes [ 50 ]. In this study, the GA 3 content increased proportionally with the increase in stratification time and had a positive effect on breaking seed dormancy throughout the entire process of seed germination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological and Physiological Study during Seed Dormancy Release of Symplocos paniculata

Zhang,

Tang,

et al. 2024

Plants

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Symplocos paniculata are reported to exhibit seed dormancy, which impedes its cultivation and widespread adoption. In this study, a comprehensive method was established to overcome seed dormancy by subjecting seeds to scarification in 98% H2SO4 for 10 min, followed by 1000 mg·L−1 GA3 soaking for 48 h and stratification at 4 °C for 100 days. The seed germination percentage has increased significantly, to a peak of 42.67%, though the seeds could not germinate timely by NaOH scarification. Additionally, the dynamic changes of key stored substances (proteins, soluble sugars, starches, and fats), associated enzyme activities (amylases, peroxidase, and catalase), and endogenous hormones (abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, and indole-3-acetic acid) in seeds were investigated. The results demonstrated a continuous degradation of starch and fat in S. paniculata seeds, while the levels of protein and soluble sugar exhibited fluctuations, which probably facilitated seed dormancy breaking through energy supply and transformation. The enzymatic activities underwent rapid changes, accompanied by a gradual decrease in ABA content within the seeds with increasing stratification time. Notably, GA3, GA3/ABA, and (GA3 + IAA)/ABA showed significant increases, indicating their positive regulatory roles in seed germination. This study clarified the dormancy mechanism and established an effective method for the release dormancy of S. paniculata seeds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological and Physiological Study during Seed Dormancy Release of Symplocos paniculata

Zhang,

Tang,

et al. 2024

Plants

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“…The antagonism between ABA and GA, which are the major phytohormones, plays a key role in the regulation of seed dormancy. Hence, seed germination can be controlled by regulating the metabolism and signal transduction of ABA and GA [7,8]. The levels of ABA in B. sinensis seeds reached the maximum in the unstratified stage but decreased significantly with the increase in stratification time.…”

Section: Regulation Of Seed Dormancy Release and Germination By Endog...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phytohormone regulation hypothesis states that GA 3 , cytokinin, ABA, and IAA collectively regulate seed dormancy and germination [6][7][8][9]. However, the regulation mechanisms Forests 2023, 14, 2430 2 of 13 are highly complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Mechanisms of Bretschneidera sinensis Hemsl. Seed Dormancy Release and Germination

Zhong,

Dong,

Deng

et al. 2023

Forests

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Bretschneidera sinensis, the sole species of Bretschneidera, belonging to the family Akaniaceae, is a tertiary paleotropical flora. It is considered an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). It has an important protective and scientific value. The study of its seed dormancy and germination mechanisms contributes to better protection. In this study, the dormancy of fresh mature B. sinensis seeds released via low-temperature wet stratification was studied. In addition, the endogenous phytohormone levels, antioxidant enzyme activity, soluble sugar content, and the key metabolic enzyme activities of seeds at different stratification time nodes were determined. The goal was to analyze the mechanisms of seed dormancy release and germination comprehensively. Results show that low-temperature wet stratification under 5 °C can release seed dormancy effectively. During the seed dormancy release, the seed germination rate was positively correlated with soluble sugar, GA3, and IAA levels, as well as G-6-PDH, SOD, POD, CAT, and APX activity, but it was negatively correlated with MDH activity and ABA content. These imply that dormancy release might be attributed to the degradation of endogenous ABA and the oxidation of reactive oxygen species induced by low-temperature wet stratification. GA3, IAA, and the metabolism of energy substrates may be correlated with the induction and promotion of germination.

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“…Chemical methods such as plant hormones, growth regulators, and special chemical reagents can also release the seed dormancy. The hormone regulation theory holds that seed dormancy and germination are mainly regulated by ABA and GA in which ABA induces the dormancy and GA promotes the germination [17,18]. Several plant hormones including GA, ethylene, and cytokinin can break the dormancy for a few species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Temperature, Scarification, Stratification, Phytohormones, and After-Ripening on the Dormancy and Germination of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Seeds

Deng

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2021

Forests

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Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., the only member of the family Eucommiaceae, is endemic to China and has great development and utilization prospects. The seeds of E. ulmoides show dormancy but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the cause of the seed dormancy and provide fundamental knowledge for the breeding, genetic improvement, and conservation of the germplasm resources of this species. According to the seed dormancy classification system developed by Jerry M. Baskin and Carol C. Baskin, we compared the germination percentage between intact seeds and isolated embryos, constructed water absorption curves, and evaluated the germination of seeds treated with scarification, cold/warm-moist stratification, after-ripening during dry storage, and gibberellic acid (GA3). The results showed that the intact seeds germinated only at 10 °C with a low germination percentage of 13.3% whereas the isolated embryos had a high normal germination percentage among a wider range of temperatures. According to the results from the scarified seeds, half seeds, and intact seeds, the seed coat significantly restricted the embryo water absorption. The scarification, after-ripening, cold/warm-moist stratification, and GA3 treatments promoted seed germination. Among them, cold-moist stratification was the most effective method and the temperature range of seed germination increased in both directions from 10 °C with prolonged stratification. The germination percentage increased significantly at constant temperatures with the highest germination percentage of 93.7 ± 0.3% at 10 °C and a light/dark cycle after 90 days of cold-moist stratification. Therefore, the freshly harvested E. ulmoides seeds exhibited a combinational dormancy comprising physical and Type 3 non-deep physiological dormancy, causing limited embryo water absorption by the seed coat and a low embryo growth potential. Given the unique phylogenetic characteristics and utility of E. ulmoides, our findings should promote studies of seed dormancy evolution and the development and application of E. ulmoides germplasm resources.

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Gibberellin metabolism and signaling and its molecular mechanism in regulating seed germination and dormancy

Cited by 4 publications

References 84 publications

Methodological and Physiological Study during Seed Dormancy Release of Symplocos paniculata

Methodological and Physiological Study during Seed Dormancy Release of Symplocos paniculata

Physiological Mechanisms of Bretschneidera sinensis Hemsl. Seed Dormancy Release and Germination

Effects of Temperature, Scarification, Stratification, Phytohormones, and After-Ripening on the Dormancy and Germination of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Seeds

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