Gibberellin A1 dwarfism and shoot elongation in higher plants

Phinney, Bernard O.

doi:10.1007/bf02902157

Cited by 127 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Gibberellin Al is the likely 'effector' GA for vegetative shoot elongation in at least several plant species (23,24), and a GA,-like substance (which (Fig. 4) for each gibberellin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gibberellins, Endogenous and Applied, in Relation to Flower Induction in the Long-Day Plant Lolium temulentum

Pharis¹,

Evans²,

King³

et al. 1987

Plant Physiol.

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Changes in endogenous gibberellin-like substances (GAs) and related compounds in the shoot apices of Lolium temukntum during and after flower induction by one long day was examined for plants grown in three consecutive years. The total GA level in the shoot apical tissue was high (up to 42 mirograms per gram dry weight, or 3 x 10' molar GA3 equivalents) increasing several-fold on the day after the long day and then declning. Of the many GA-like substances present, the putative polyhydroxylated components-with HPLC retention times between those ofGAs (three hydroxyls) and GA32 (four hydroxyls), and accounting for about a quarter of the total GA activity-were most consistent and striking in their changes. Their level in the apices increased 3-to 5-fold on the day after the long day and then subsided. When varous GAs were applied to plants in noninductive short days, flower initiation was induced by several, most notably by GA32, GAs, 2,2-dimethyl GA4, GA3, and GA7. GA32 was most like one long day in eliciting a strong flowering response while having little effect on stem growth, whereas GA, had the opposite effect. It is suggested that highiy hydroxylated C-19 GAs may play a central role in the induction of flowering in this long-day plant. action (30).Many different endogenous GAs are found in plants, and changes in their concentration in shoot tissue occur following vernalization or photoperiodic induction, e.g. in spinach (28) and Agrostemma (11). Metzger and Zeevaart (18) have proposed that the conversion of GA,9 to GA20 in spinach is under photoperiodic control and conclude that the increase in GA20 is the cause of bolting in spinach, whereas in Agrostemma all the endogenous GAs underwent a transient increase following transfer to LD, associated with stem elongation (11).In the LDP Lolium temulentum, applications of GA3 and several other gibberellins induced flowering under noninductive SD. However, the growth retardant CCC did not prevent LD induction as it did in Samolus; in fact it substantially enhanced rather than reduced the effect of applied GA3 (4, 5) and a comparable response has been found in another LDP, Blitum spp. (10).In this paper, we present evidence for some of the changes in the endogenous GAs of L. temulentum during photoperiodic induction by a single LD, emphasizing the highly polar GAs in the true shoot apex, for which few data are available. These findings have led us to examine the effects of applications of several GAs, notably GA32, the results of which indicate very different specificities for stem growth on the one hand and for flower initiation on the other.Several kinds of evidence implicate the GAs2 in the initiation of flowering in photoperiodically sensitive plants. Applications of GA3 and other GAs replace the requirement for LD or low temperature vernalization in many species (22,29). With the LDP Samolusparviflorus, inhibitors ofGA synthesis can prevent flower initiation, this inhibition being reversed by application of GA3 (l). Applied GAs also replace the need for ...

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“…Gibberellin Al is the likely 'effector' GA for vegetative shoot elongation in at least several plant species (23,24), and a GA,-like substance (which (Fig. 4) for each gibberellin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gibberellins, Endogenous and Applied, in Relation to Flower Induction in the Long-Day Plant Lolium temulentum

Pharis¹,

Evans²,

King³

et al. 1987

Plant Physiol.

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“…During petal fall, a twofold increase in the content of GA1 was observed in Satsuma in comparison with Clementine. In other physiological processes better studied, such as stem elongation, it has been shown that GA1 plays a pivotal role (11,15). Tall plants in Arabidopsis, for example, contain 34 ng GA1 g dry weight-', and a twofold reduction in the content of GA, is correlated with dwarfism (22).…”

Section: Ga9mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gibberellins and Parthenocarpic Ability in Developing Ovaries of Seedless Mandarins

Talón¹,

Zacarı́as²,

Primo‐Millo³

1992

Plant Physiol.

131

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Satsuma (Citrus unshiu [Mak] Marc.) and Clementine (Citrus reticulata [Hort.] Ex. Tanaka, cv Oroval) are two species of seedless mandarins differing in their tendency to develop parthenocarpic fruits. Satsuma is a male-sterile cultivar that shows a high degree of natural parthenocarpy and a high fruit set. Seedless Clementine varieties are self-incompatible, and in the absence of cross-pollination show a very low ability to set fruit. The gibberellins (GAs)

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“…This is particularly interesting, since in monocotyledons the GA19-to-GA20 conversion is suggested to be a regulatory step in GA synthesis (Croker et al, 1990;Hedden and Croker, 1992), and results from Pisum (Ross et al, 1992) also support this hypothesis for dicots. The higher GA19 concentration in the rolC plants does not cause phenotypic alterations by itself, since only GAl is regarded to be the active GA per se ( e g Phinney, 1984;MacMillan, 1987). It is Plant Physiol.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal Characterization of Transgenic Tobacco Plants Expressing the rolC Gene of Agrobacterium rhizogenes TL-DNA

et al. 1993

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Gibberellin A1 dwarfism and shoot elongation in higher plants

Cited by 127 publications

References 24 publications

Gibberellins, Endogenous and Applied, in Relation to Flower Induction in the Long-Day Plant Lolium temulentum

Gibberellins, Endogenous and Applied, in Relation to Flower Induction in the Long-Day Plant Lolium temulentum

Gibberellins and Parthenocarpic Ability in Developing Ovaries of Seedless Mandarins

Hormonal Characterization of Transgenic Tobacco Plants Expressing the rolC Gene of Agrobacterium rhizogenes TL-DNA

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