Gibberellic acid interacts with salt stress on germination, growth and polyamine gene expression in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seedlings

Exogenous application of salicylic acid ameliorates salinity stress in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

“…In the current study the highest saline conditions (120mM) had a slight enhancing effect on oxidative status and as a result reduced seed weight in both varieties but Jau-17 more sensitive as compared to barley-sultan. Our results supported that SA (1mM) could lessen the impact of salinity on plants [ 59 ] like on cowpea ( Vigna ungiculata L.) [ 60 ].…”

Higher activity of PSI compared to PSII accounts for the beneficial effect of silicon on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants challenged with salinity

“…Similar results have been observed in several plant species, such as common wheat (T. aestivum), durum wheat (Triticum turgidum), barley (H. vulgare), and sea barley (H. marinum) (Munns et al 1995, Chen et al 2014, El-khawaga 2018, Laifa et al 2021. Salt stress induces a reduction in plant growth mainly due to the osmotic pressure applied to the root area, which causes reduced water uptake and turgor pressure, stomatal closure, reduced photosynthesis, and toxic mineral disturbances (Bandehagh et al 2011, Adhikari et al 2019, Hurtado et al 2019, Attia et al 2022 as well as a combination of them (Ashraf 2004).…”

Identification and expression profiling of microRNAs in leaf tissues of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. under salinity stress

“…It is worth emphasizing that fennel is a plant that has been relatively underexplored in terms of its genetic makeup, 26 with only a limited number of studies on its genetic composition and even fewer investigations focused on the non-coding regions of its genome. For instance, Attia et al 62 elucidated that, under salinity stress conditions, spermine synthase 1 ( SPMS1 ), ornithine decarboxylase 1 ( ODC1 ), and arginine decarboxylase ( ADC1 ) were upregulated in fennel hypocotyls and cotyledons, while S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1 ( SAMDC1 ) was downregulated in fennel radicle. Moreover, when fennel seedlings were subjected to a treatment combination of salt and gibberellic acid (GA), ODC1 was the only gene overexpressed in hypocotyls and cotyledons, whereas ADC1 was upregulated in hypocotyls, cotyledons, and radicle.…”

“…Moreover, when fennel seedlings were subjected to a treatment combination of salt and gibberellic acid (GA), ODC1 was the only gene overexpressed in hypocotyls and cotyledons, whereas ADC1 was upregulated in hypocotyls, cotyledons, and radicle. 62 Although the aforementioned study did not delve into the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed changes in gene expression, the widely reported regulatory roles of miRNAs in salt stress responses and phytohormone signaling suggest the necessity of investigating the molecular association of miRNAs with stress responses against high salinity in fennel, as well as the interplay between fennel miRNAs, GA perception, and signal transduction pathway.…”