Giardiasis: The Ever-Present Threat of a Neglected Disease

Escobedo, Ángel A.; Almirall, Pedro; Robertson, Lucy J.; Franco, Regina Maura Bueno; Hanevik, Kurt; Mørch, Kristine; Cimerman, Sérgio

doi:10.2174/187152610793180821

Cited by 79 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…Giardiasis is the most common gastrointestinal diarrheal illness worldwide, and more than 200 million symptomatic human cases are reported annually. 82,83 In this parasite, the single 14-3-3 isoform (g14-3-3) is essential for the development of cysts (the infective stage). 84 Three crystallographic structures of G. duodenalis are available, which makes this protein amenable to study through structurebased computational methods.…”

Section: Intentionally Targetingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulators of Protein–Protein Interactions

et al. 2014

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Direct interactions between proteins are essential for the regulation of their functions in biological pathways. Targeting the complex network of protein−protein interactions (PPIs) has now been widely recognized as an attractive means to therapeutically intervene in disease states. Even though this is a challenging endeavor and PPIs have long been regarded as "undruggable" targets, the last two decades have seen an increasing number of successful examples of PPI modulators, resulting in growing interest in this field. PPI modulation requires novel approaches and the integrated efforts of multiple disciplines to be a fruitful strategy. This perspective focuses on the hub-protein 14-3-3, which has several hundred identified protein interaction partners, and is therefore involved in a wide range of cellular processes and diseases. Here, we aim to provide an integrated overview of the approaches explored for the modulation of 14-3-3 PPIs and review the examples resulting from these efforts in both inhibiting and stabilizing specific 14-3-3 protein complexes by small molecules, peptide mimetics, and natural products.

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Section: Intentionally Targetingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulators of Protein–Protein Interactions

et al. 2014

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“…Although G. lamblia infection may appear asymptomatic, particularly in individuals living with endemic infection, for many others G. lamblia is associated with significant morbidity, including diarrhoea, cramping, bloating and weight loss. In particular, these symptoms can adversely affect young children, affecting growth, school performance and quality of life [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antagonism between two intestinal parasites in humans: the importance of co-infection for infection risk and recovery dynamics

et al. 2013

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Co-infection may affect transmission and recovery from infection, but remains an understudied element of disease ecology, particularly with regard to antagonism between parasites sharing a host. Helminth and giardia infections are often endemic in the same populations and both occupy the small intestine; yet few studies have examined interactions between these parasites. We report on helminth -giardia co-infections in a panel study of forager -horticulturalists in the Bolivian lowlands. Parasites were identified in faecal samples from 3275 participants, collected during 5235 medical exams over 6 years. Longitudinal co-infection patterns were examined using logistic mixed and multi-state Markov models. The most prevalent infections were hookworm (56%), Giardia lamblia (30%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (15%). Cross-sectionally, hookworm and A. lumbricoides were negatively associated with G. lamblia (OR ¼ 0.60; OR ¼ 0.65, respectively). Longitudinally, giardia infection was less likely in helminth-infected individuals (HR: 0.46). Infection with helminths was also less likely for individuals infected with giardia (HR: 0.71). Finally, treatment with mebendazole reduced subsequent hookworm infections, but resulted in a marginal increase in the odds of G. lamblia infection. Our results provide evidence for an antagonistic relationship between helminths and giardia, and suggest that co-infection should be considered in disease transmission models and treatment decisions.

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“…Treatment with drugs is possible within the course of the disease or in chronic conditions. However, preventive vaccination is unavailable [21,22].…”

Section: Symptoms Of the Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification: An Advanced Method for the Detection of Giardia

Gallas-Lindemann¹,

Sureshkumar²,

Noack³

et al. 2017

Current Topics in Giardiasis

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This chapter provides a reliable and quick method for detection of Giardia duodenalis (which causes a dangerous diarrheal disease), prevention of further spreading, identiication of the source of contamination, and eventually minimize health risk and economic damage normally caused by an outbreak. The loop-mediated isothermal ampliication (LAMP) method is based on the enrichment of parasite-speciic nucleotide sequences, similar to PCR, but it is signiicantly faster and less susceptible to interference. Here, wegive an overview of how we developed this method, and using the example of G. duodenalis as a water-associated pathogen, we present an optimized examination scheme for its detection in water. For this purpose, we have analyzed data from extensive electronic libraries PubMed®/MEDLINE®, iltered out relevant articles with a keyword search, and summarized them. The number of publications on LAMP method has generally increased steadily since its irst report in 2000. LAMP, used for detection of Giardia, especially surpasses all other methods due to the high speciicity, sensitivity, robustness, and cost efectiveness. The ever-increasing number of publications on application of LAMP is similar to the development of PCR in the 1990s of the last century. Certainly, the method will be further developed in future, but it already ofers many advantages over other methods for efective detection of G. duodenalis infections and will therefore certainly gain in popularity.

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Giardiasis: The Ever-Present Threat of a Neglected Disease

Cited by 79 publications

References 161 publications

Modulators of Protein–Protein Interactions

Modulators of Protein–Protein Interactions

Antagonism between two intestinal parasites in humans: the importance of co-infection for infection risk and recovery dynamics

Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification: An Advanced Method for the Detection of Giardia

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