Giardia duodenalis in Alpine (Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra) and Apennine (Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata) chamois

Liberato, Claudio De; Berrilli, Federica; Marangi, Marianna; Santoro, Maristella; Trogu, Tiziana; Putignani, Lorenza; Lanfranchi, P.; Ferretti, Francesco; D’Amelio, Stefano; Giangaspero, Annunziata

doi:10.1186/s13071-015-1243-1

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(56 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Likewise, no genetic clustering was observed for Giardia isolates from different groups of NHP hosts when compared at the suborder/superfamily level: apes, old world monkeys, new world monkeys and prosimians. There is no clustering of isolates based on host, as has been suggested, for example, with some ungulate isolates within Assemblage A (De Liberato et al., ). Of course, it should be emphasized that although these molecular data indicate the potential for zoonotic/anthropozoonotic transmission, zoonotic risk is impacted by a range of non‐pathogen‐related factors, including the human/animal, their environments and the interaction between these, such as, for example, host ranges, individual host susceptibility under various climates and shared food/water resources (Lal, Hales, French, & Baker, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Giardia duodenalisin primates: Classification and host specificity based on phylogenetic analysis of sequence data

Brynildsrud

Tysnes

Robertson

et al. 2018

Zoonoses and Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Giardia duodenalis colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of a wide range of hosts, including humans and other primates. It is grouped into eight different Assemblages and, beyond that, into a number of sub-Assemblages, defined ad hoc on the basis of genetic differences; these various groups are often considered to be associated with a specific restricted host range. The aim of this study was to use publicly available genotyping data to investigate the relatedness of human and non-human primate (NHP) Giardia isolates in order to evaluate the usefulness of current taxonomic classification and to assess whether there is potential for zoonotic transmission between humans and NHP. Our final data set consisted of sequence data from 165 isolates, 111 from NHP and 54 from humans. Assemblages were well defined, but sub-Assemblages across Assemblage B were not resolved. Although sub-Assemblages AI and AII were resolved, the terms were not found to capture any useful molecular or host/deme properties. In the phylogenetic tree, NHP isolates were scattered among human isolates across Assemblages A and B, and were even found in Assemblage E. We conclude that there does not appear to be significant molecular distinction between human and NHP Giardia isolates across these four molecular markers. Thus, on the basis of these markers, we cannot exclude a risk for zoonotic and anthropozoonotic transmission of Assemblages A and B isolates, irrespective of sub-Assemblage classification. We further evaluated the relative merit of the four genes used in genotyping studies. The tpi, gdh and bg genes gave relatively congruent tree topologies, but the SSU gene did not resolve Assemblages according to the current classification. Future genotyping efforts should aim for multilocus or whole-genome approaches and, in particular, use of the SSU gene as the sole marker should be avoided when possible.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Giardia duodenalisin primates: Classification and host specificity based on phylogenetic analysis of sequence data

Brynildsrud

Tysnes

Robertson

et al. 2018

Zoonoses and Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Giardia duodenalis genotyping at the sub-assemblage level allowed us to better identify zoonotic isolates and to define the potential risk of zoonotic transmission in the study area. Previous data showed that AII sub-Assemblage is predominantly found in humans, thus considered zoonotic (Ballweber et al, 2010;Cacciò et al, 2002;Skhal et al, 2017;Sprong et al, 2009), whereas while AIII has been detected in humans only occasionally, also in Italy (Cacciò et al, 2002), infecting preferentially wild hoofed animals (De Liberato et al, 2015;Rafiei et al, 2020;Sprong et al, 2009) and sometimes cats (Lebbad et al, 2010). In our data, a potential risk of zoonotic transmission could be deduced from the clusters obtained in the phylogenetic analysis, which grouped human and cat isolates TA B L E 1 Descriptive analysis and association between direct immunofluorescence assay outcome for Giardia duodenalis and individual and colony variables in cats from central Italy Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giardia duodenalis in colony stray cats from Italy

Procesi

Carnio

Berrilli

et al. 2021

Zoonoses and Public Health

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Giardia duodenalis is the most common intestinal protozoan in humans and animals worldwide, including eight morphologically identical assemblages, infecting pets, livestock, wildlife and human beings. Assemblages A and B are those with the higher zoonotic potential, and they have been detected in several mammals other than humans; the others (C to H) show a higher host specificity. Cats can harbour both the specific Assemblage F and the zoonotic ones A and B. Several studies have been carried out on G. duodenalis genotypes in cats; however, the role of this species in the epidemiology of giardiasis is still poorly understood. In this scenario, the present study carried out the detection and genetic characterization at sub-assemblage level of G. duodenalis from colony stray cats in central Italy. In the period 2018-2019, 133 cat faecal samples were analysed for the presence of G. duodenalis cysts by a direct immunofluorescence assay. Positive samples were subsequently subjected to molecular analyses for assemblage/sub-assemblage identification. Forty-seven samples (35.3%) were positive for G. duodenalis cysts by immunofluorescence. G. duodenalis DNA was amplified at SSU-rDNA locus from 39 isolates: 37 were positive for zoonotic Assemblage A and 2 showed a mixed infection (A + B). Positive results for the β-giardin gene were achieved for 25 isolates. Sequence analysis revealed 16 isolates belonging to Sub-assemblage AII and 8 to Sub-assemblage AIII. One isolate resulted as ambiguous AI/AIII. Large sequence variability at the sub-assemblage level was detected, with several double peaks and mutations, making complex a proper isolate allocation. When compared with previous studies, the 35.3% prevalence of G. duodenalis in cats reported in the present article was surprisingly high. Moreover, all positive cats resulted to be infected with zoonotic assemblages/sub-assemblages, thus indicating stray cats as a possible source of human giardiasis and highlighting the sanitary relevance of cat colonies in the study area.

show abstract

“…In Europe, G. duodenalis and/or Cryptosporidium oo/cysts have been documented in fresh produce in Norway (Robertson and Gjerde, 2001;Robertson et al, 2002) The presence of protozoan oo/cysts in the ready-to-eat samples we investigated is indicative of contamination by feces of human and/or animal origin. In Italy, G. duodenalis Assemblage A and/or C. parvum are widespread among humans (Masucci et al, 2011;Putignani and Menichella, 2010) and animals (both domestic and wild animals) (De Liberato et al, 2015;Giangaspero et al, 2007;Paoletti et al, 2011;Papini et al, 2012), and also in wastewater and shellfish (Giangaspero et al, 2009(Giangaspero et al, , 2014. Cyclospora oocysts (Masucci et al, 2011) or Cyclospora DNA have been recorded not only in humans (Giangaspero et al, 2015a), but also in non-human primates (Marangi et al, 2015), as well as in environmental samples, including vegetables, in the water used to irrigate them (Giangaspero et al, 2015a), and even in tap water (Giangaspero et al, 2015b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and prevalence of protozoan parasites in ready-to-eat packaged salads on sale in Italy

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To investigate the prevalence of protozoan contamination by Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., Toxoplasma gondii and Cyclospora cayetanensis, in 'ready to eat' (RTE) salads on sale in Italy, 648 packages were purchased from industrial and local brands. Nine individual packages from each brand were collected per month, pooled and subjected to microscopy and molecular analyses. Microscopic examination of 864 slides detected Cryptosporidium spp. but also Blastocystis hominis and Dientamoeba fragilis. Molecular tools identified G. duodenalis assemblage A, Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium ubiquitum, T. gondii Type I and C. cayetanensis. B. hominis and D. fragilis were also molecularly confirmed. The overall prevalence of each protozoan species was 0.6% for G. duodenalis, 0.8% for T. gondii, 0.9% for Cryptosporidium spp., and 1.3% for C. cayetanensis, while prevalence for B. hominis was 0.5% and for D. fragilis 0.2%. Microscopy and/or molecular tools revealed that 4.2% of the samples were contaminated by at least one protozoan species, and 0.6% of samples presented contamination by two protozoan species, with a number of oocysts ranging from 62 to 554 per g of vegetable matter for T. gondii, and 46 to 1.580 for C. cayetanensis. This is Europe's first large-scale study on the presence of protozoans in packaged salads, and shows that RTE sanitation processes do not guarantee a product free from protozoans of fecal origin.

show abstract

Giardia duodenalis in Alpine (Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra) and Apennine (Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata) chamois

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Giardia duodenalisin primates: Classification and host specificity based on phylogenetic analysis of sequence data

Giardia duodenalisin primates: Classification and host specificity based on phylogenetic analysis of sequence data

Giardia duodenalis in colony stray cats from Italy

Detection and prevalence of protozoan parasites in ready-to-eat packaged salads on sale in Italy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About