Giant coronary aneurysm in an infant with multisystem inflammatory syndrome

Zaki, Syed Ahmed; Hazeem, Anas Abu; Rashid, Asrar

doi:10.4103/heartviews.heartviews_62_21

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…This is akin to the use of clinical diagnostic criteria and associated perils for several other syndromic illnesses [ 146 ]. Such heterogeneity is especially illustrated by variations in case reporting [ 91 , 94 , 101 , 147 - 150 ].…”

Section: Controversy Regarding Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 among infants: key clinical features and remaining controversies

Cimolai

2024

Clin Exp Pediatr

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Infants aged <1 year represent a seemingly more susceptible pediatric subset for infections. Despite this, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has not been proven as more serious in this age group (outside the very early neonatal period) than in others. Indeed, a considerable number of asymptomatic infections have been recorded, and the symptoms and morbidity associated with COVID- 19 differ minimally from those of other respiratory viral infections. Whether due to an abundance of caution or truly reduced susceptibility, infections in infants have not raised the same profile as those in other age groups. In addition to direct severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 diagnostic tests, laboratory markers that differentiate COVID-19 from other viral infections lack specificity in infants. Gastrointestinal presentations are common, and the neurological complications of infection mirror those of other respiratory viral infections. There have been relatively few reports of infant deaths. Under appropriate precautions, breastfeeding in the context of maternal infections has been associated with tangible but infrequent complications. Vaccination during pregnancy provides protection against infection in infants, at least in the early months of life. Multi-inflammatory syndrome in children and multi-inflammatory syndrome in neonates are commonly cited as variants of COVID-19; however, their clinical definitions remain controversial. Similarly, reliable definitions of long COVID in the infant group are controversial. This narrative review examines the key clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 in infants and identifies several areas of science awaiting further clarification.

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Section: Controversy Regarding Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 among infants: key clinical features and remaining controversies

Cimolai

2024

Clin Exp Pediatr

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A Ukrainian infant with giant coronary aneurysms: A case report and literature review

Klymyshyn,

Datsko,

Stepanovskyy

et al. 2023

Clinical Case Reports

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Key Clinical Message COVID may manifest multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) which mimics Kawasaki disease (KD). Differentiating KD and MIS‐C is difficult. Immunomodulatory treatment should be initiated promptly without accurate diagnosis. Abstract A febrile Ukrainian infant developed giant aneurysms in coronary arteries. Differentiating between Kawasaki disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children was difficult. In both illnesses, coronary aneurysm may develop unless treated promptly. Therefore, guidelines should synthesize these clinical entities so that treatment can be initiated before rigorous diagnosis.

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Thrombotic Events in MIS-C Patients: A Single Case Report and Literature Review

et al. 2023

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Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a systemic hyperinflammatory disorder that is associated with a hypercoagulable state and a higher risk of thrombotic events (TEs). We report the case of a 9-year-old MIS-C patient with a severe course who developed a massive pulmonary embolism that was successfully treated with heparin. A literature review of previous TEs in MIS-C patients was conducted (60 MIS-C cases from 37 studies). At least one risk factor for thrombosis was observed in 91.7% of patients. The most frequently observed risk factors were pediatric intensive care unit hospitalization (61.7%), central venous catheter (36.7%), age >12 years (36.7%), left ventricular ejection fraction <35% (28.3%), D-dimer >5 times the upper limit of normal values (71.9%), mechanical ventilation (23.3%), obesity (23.3%), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (15%). TEs may concurrently affect multiple vessels, including both arterial and venous. Arterial thrombosis was more frequent, mainly affecting the cerebral and pulmonary vascular systems. Despite antithrombotic prophylaxis, 40% of MIS-C patients developed TEs. Over one-third of patients presented persistent focal neurological signs, and ten patients died, half of whom died because of TEs. TEs are severe and life-threatening complications of MIS-C. In case with thrombosis risk factors, appropriate thromboprophylaxis should be promptly administered. Despite proper prophylactic therapy, TEs may occur, leading in some cases to permanent disability or death.

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Giant coronary aneurysm in an infant with multisystem inflammatory syndrome

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

COVID-19 among infants: key clinical features and remaining controversies

COVID-19 among infants: key clinical features and remaining controversies

A Ukrainian infant with giant coronary aneurysms: A case report and literature review

Thrombotic Events in MIS-C Patients: A Single Case Report and Literature Review

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