Giant cervical herniation of an apical pulmonary bulla

Beyond the boundaries: Surgical repair of apical parietal pleural hernia

“…Surgical repair of cervical hernia has been performed both by cervical 8 and thoracic 9 approaches. The cervical approach provides excellent exposure but potentially higher risk of recurrence because the closure defect is more difficult than the transthoracic approach, the latter being a more invasive method with a large incision.…”

Thoracoscopic repair of cervical lung hernia

“…Formerly, cervical 4 or thoracic 5 approaches were performed. The cervical approach provide excellent exposure but potentially higher risk of recurrence, because closure of the defect is more difficult than with the transthoracic approach.…”

Trans-mediastinal herniation of bulla: Semilunar sign

“…Herniation of bulla may occur across various sites including neck,[ 3 ] thoracotomy sites[ 4 5 ] and mediastinum. Trans-mediastinal herniation of bulla across the mediastinum is rare.…”