Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath: Localized and Diffuse Types

Tenosynovial giant cell tumor, localized type, with recurrence, and lung metastases: A case report

“…The involvement of the fossa and extra-articular extension should be assessed for preoperative workup [2] . TSGCT is a benign tumor that arises from the tendon sheath in most cases, but, in a few cases, the diffuse type, which has destructive and aggressive properties, has been found to turn malignant, with lungs metastases [2 , 3] . There are no case reports or previous research showing the development of TSGCT, localized type, into malignant, and lungs metastases.…”

“…As it grows, it expands, and restricts articular movement. The diffuse type, on the other hand, is painful and progresses over months to years [3] . In this case, patient was unconcerned as to her recurrent hand lump.…”

“…MRI plays an important role in diagnosing and assessing TSGCT type, size, extension, and invasion of adjacent joint and tenosynovial space preoperatively [4] . The localized type is, most of the time, isointense or low-signal intensity in T1- and T2-weighted [3] . It usually possesses uniform enhancement and/or osseous involvement but sometimes exhibits variability in signal intensity on MR images [4 , 5] .…”

“…It usually possesses uniform enhancement and/or osseous involvement but sometimes exhibits variability in signal intensity on MR images [4 , 5] . Hemosiderin presence and fibrosis formation raise small, scattered foci of low signal on T1WI, and T2W1 [3 , 4 , 6] .…”

“…However, in a few cases, the diffuse type has been documented to lung metastases. The purpose of this case report was to confirm that TSGCT, localized type, can become malignant, and spread to the lungs [2 , 3] . A case of lung metastases and right pleural effusion from right palmar TSGCT, localized type, origin is presented.…”