Giant Cell Tumor of Soft Tissues: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Mokrani, Amina; Guermazi, F.; Yahyaoui, Yosra; Hmida, Lina; Doghri, Raoudha; Ayadi, Mouna; Meddeb, Khedija; Letaief, Feriel; Chraiet, Nesrine; Raies, Henda; Mrad, K; Mezlini, Amal

doi:10.4172/1948-5956.1000474

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Although complete resection is the primary treatment for GCT-ST, other treatment options include bisphosphonates and Denosumab, a human monoclonal antibody directed against RANKL 18,19) . Some authors have also advocated their use for the treatment of GCT-ST 20,21) . A proper diagnosis of GCT-ST could provide an opportunity to receive these treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Soft Tissue with Multinucleated Giant Cells with Osteogenic Phenotypes: A Mimicker of Malignant Giant Cell Tumor of Soft Tissue

Matsuoka

Hasegawa

Koike

et al. 2021

J. Hard Tissue Biology.

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This study aimed to summarize the clinicopathological findings and assess the immunophenotypes for undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of soft tissue with multinucleated giant cells (UPS-ST-MGCs). We retrospectively identified five cases of UPS-ST-MGCs between 2010 and 2020, and evaluate histological and immunohistochemical findings using osteogenic markers, which were receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2). Cases were divided into two types, based on the distribution of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs), as diffusely (MGCs diffuse type) or focally scattering (MGCs focal type). One out of five cases was classified as MGCs diffuse type and comprised relatively monotonous proliferation of atypical spindle cells widely expressing RANKL, RUNX2, and SATB2. This case showed aggressive clinicopathological features, such as a rapidly growing tumor with a high maximum standardized uptake value, high Ki-67 labeling index, and early postoperative recurrence, which can be called malignant giant cell tumor (GCT-ST). Conversely, the other four cases of the MGCs focal type were focally positive for RANKL, and negative for RUNX2 and STAB2, which appeared to be consistent with conventional features of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of soft tissue. Our results indicate that malignant GCT-ST can be included in UPS-ST-MGCs. Therefore, it is important to note its aggressive malignant characteristics and osteogenic differentiation. Osteogenic immunohistochemical examinations should be considered for UPS-ST-MGCs to confirm an accurate diagnosis and provide appropriate treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Soft Tissue with Multinucleated Giant Cells with Osteogenic Phenotypes: A Mimicker of Malignant Giant Cell Tumor of Soft Tissue

Matsuoka

Hasegawa

Koike

et al. 2021

J. Hard Tissue Biology.

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“…The authors stated that zoledronic acid treatment succeeded in controlling tumor growth. There are two case reports concerning the use of zoledronic acid in cases of unresectable GCTST [52,53]. Mokrani et al reported a case of primary GCTST of the elbow that was judged unresectable due to its intra-articular extension [52].…”

Section: Advanced/metastatic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are two case reports concerning the use of zoledronic acid in cases of unresectable GCTST [52,53]. Mokrani et al reported a case of primary GCTST of the elbow that was judged unresectable due to its intra-articular extension [52]. The patient received zoledronic acid injections for 8 months and had stable disease.…”

Section: Advanced/metastatic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Giant Cell Tumor of Soft Tissue: An Updated Review

Nishio,

Nakayama,

Koga

et al. 2024

JCM

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Giant cell tumor of soft tissue (GCTST) is a locally aggressive mesenchymal neoplasm of intermediate malignancy that predominantly occurs in the superficial soft tissue of the extremities. It is histologically similar to a giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) and shows a mixture of round to oval mononuclear cells and osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells. Currently, immunohistochemistry plays a very limited role in the diagnosis of GCTST. Primary or secondary malignant GCTST has recently been described and tumors exhibiting high-grade histological features demonstrate higher rates of distant metastasis. GCTST lacks the H3-3A gene mutations that are identified in the vast majority of GCTBs, suggesting a different pathogenesis. Surgery is the standard treatment for localized GCTST. Incomplete surgical resection is usually followed by local recurrence. Radiation therapy may be considered when the close proximity of critical structures prevents microscopically negative surgical margins. The systemic treatment options for advanced or metastatic disease are very limited. This review provides an updated overview of the clinicoradiological features, pathogenesis, histopathology, and treatment for GCTST. In addition, we will discuss the differential diagnosis of this peculiar neoplasm.

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“…Histologically, GCS are commonly benign neoplasms that contain spindle and round shaped cells associated with osteoclast‐like multinucleated giant cells 7,8 . In addition, GCS tend to be locally aggressive, recurrent, but rarely metastatic 9 . The treatment of choice for GCS is surgery 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding giant cell sarcoma of the head and neck: A population‐based study

et al. 2021

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Background Giant cell sarcomas (GCS) are rare head and neck neoplasms. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was analyzed for all patients who have been diagnosed with GCS from 1973 to 2014. Results Four hundred and forty cases of GCS of the head and neck were identified. The average age at diagnosis was 74.4 years, 86.8% were white, 82.5% were male, 70.7% were insured, and 88.2% lived in an urban metropolitan region. Connective tissue was the most frequent primary site (42.5%). The 5Y‐DSS rate was 91.1%, while the 5Y‐OS was 54.6% for all cases. Patients treated with surgery alone had the highest 5Y‐DSS rate of 94.5. T‐classification odds ratio was a significant predictor of survival accounting for confounding variables on multivariate analysis. Conclusions GCS presents most frequently in connective tissue of the head and neck with overall high probability of survival. The treatment of choice is surgery alone.

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Giant Cell Tumor of Soft Tissues: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Soft Tissue with Multinucleated Giant Cells with Osteogenic Phenotypes: A Mimicker of Malignant Giant Cell Tumor of Soft Tissue

Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Soft Tissue with Multinucleated Giant Cells with Osteogenic Phenotypes: A Mimicker of Malignant Giant Cell Tumor of Soft Tissue

Giant Cell Tumor of Soft Tissue: An Updated Review

Understanding giant cell sarcoma of the head and neck: A population‐based study

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