Giant cell myocarditis: Most fatal of autoimmune diseases

Rosenstein, Elliot D.; Zucker, Mark; Kramer, Neil

doi:10.1053/sarh.2000.8367

Cited by 72 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…6 While GCM appears to have no sex predilection, approximately 20% of cases occur in patients with an autoimmune disorder such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, thyroiditis, or rheumatoid arthritis-among others. 4,10,11 Some cases of GCM are associated with tumors, most often thymoma and lymphoma. 4 …”

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confidence: 99%

Giant Cell Myocarditis: A Brief Review

Brooks²

2016

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

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Giant cell myocarditis (GCM) is a rapidly progressive and frequently fatal disease that mainly affects young to middle-aged previously healthy individuals. Early diagnosis is critical, as recent studies have shown that rapidly instituted cyclosporine-based immunosuppression can reduce inflammation and improve transplant-free survival. Before the 1980s, GCM was mainly a diagnosis made at autopsy. Owing to advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic options, it is now increasingly diagnosed on the basis of endomyocardial biopsies, explanted hearts, or apical wedge sections removed at the time of ventricular assist device placement. Histologic examination remains the gold standard for diagnosis; however, there are many possible etiologies for cardiac giant cells. Having a working knowledge of the clinicopathologic features that distinguish GCM from other giant cell–containing lesions is essential, since such lesions can have widely divergent management and outcome.

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confidence: 99%

Giant Cell Myocarditis: A Brief Review

Brooks²

2016

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

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“…It typically affects young to middle-aged adults, with a mean age of 43 years [16]. There is no gender predominance.…”

Section: Clinical Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is no gender predominance. Patients (often previously healthy) present with a flu-like syndrome and can develop congestive heart failure (in 75%), palpitations, chest pain, heart block, sustained refractory ventricular tachycardia, rapidly progressive hemodynamic deterioration, intractable arrhythmias, and sudden death [16]. GCM can progress to death within days to months.…”

Section: Clinical Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapidly Progressive Cardiac Failure Due to Giant Cell Myocarditis

et al. 2015

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“…Giant-cell myocarditis is a rare and fatal disorder of autoimmune origin that is often complicated by other autoimmune diseases such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, Hashimoto's disease and myasthenia gravis (1,2). We herein describe a case of giant-cell myocarditis complicated by heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant-Cell Myocarditis Complicated by Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia

et al. 2012

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Giant-cell myocarditis is a fatal autoimmune disorder that is often associated with other autoimmune diseases. We herein describe a case of giant-cell myocarditis complicated by heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). A 71-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to palpitations and ptosis. Echocardiography revealed hypokinesis in the left basal ventricular walls. Heart failure gradually developed, and the condition was complicated by HIT. The patient died of cardiogenic and septic shock caused by agranulocytosis. An autopsy showed giant-cell myocarditis. When severe left ventricular dysfunction due to an unknown cause is complicated by HIT, potential diagnoses of giant-cell and other types of autoimmune myocarditis should thus be investigated.

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Giant cell myocarditis: Most fatal of autoimmune diseases

Cited by 72 publications

References 98 publications

Giant Cell Myocarditis: A Brief Review

Giant Cell Myocarditis: A Brief Review

Rapidly Progressive Cardiac Failure Due to Giant Cell Myocarditis

Giant-Cell Myocarditis Complicated by Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia

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